The Contemporary World Unit 4 Quiz

Course Information

• Course Code: Gened 07
• Course Title: The Contemporary World
• Credit Units: 3
• Instructor: Mr. Rogan D. De La Cruz
• Social Science Instructor

Unit 4: A World of Ideas - Lesson 1: Global Media Cultures

• Learning Goals:
  • Classify the role of media culture in globalization
  • Identify the challenges in media culture with the spread of globalization
  • Analyze how various media drive various forms of global integration
  • Explain the dynamic between global cultural productions
  • Survey the impact of global media culture in the Philippines

The Global Media Culture

• Long-distance love affairs are easier with the internet, cellular phones, and devices like laptops and desktops, allowing communication anytime, anywhere.
• Internet access allows communication with partners, friends, and family globally.
• The ease of access to communication technologies has greatly influenced global communication.

The Global Media Culture

• Advances in technology make communication easier, regardless of distance.
• Questions are raised about how these changes affect our lives and the lives of others, and how these developments happened.

Globalization & Media

• Globalization is a complex and vague concept, with no single definition.
• Scholars often associate globalization with other concepts, such as politics, culture, or trade.
• This lesson focuses on the connection between globalization and media culture.

Globalization & Media - Historical Background

• Globalization, in some respects, has existed since the earliest forms of human migration.
• Media, from cave paintings to modern forms like Facebook, are crucial partners in globalization.
• Advances in media, combined with changing migration patterns, significantly altered human life and spurred globalization.
• The concept of globalization has been evolving silently for centuries, entwined with human endeavors throughout history.

Historical Background of Globalization and Media - The Philippines

• Globalization has affected the Philippines for many centuries.
• Examples in the Philippines include early Indian traders bringing porcelain, Mai people trading in China, and the Galleon trade with Europe and America.
• Traditional Filipino writing system (Baybayin) shows a mixture of Sanskrit and Chinese characters.

Historical Background of Media

• Initially, media communication was limited. Information and knowledge were the prerogative of the elite.
• The invention of the printing press, beginning in China, allowed wider dissemination.
• Gutenberg's printing press increased the availability and spread of information.
• Easy access to printing media and knowledge spurred economic, religious and political ideas to proliferate across diverse geographic regions.

Historical Background of Media — The Printing Press

• The diffusion of information became easier and cheaper with easier access to reading materials.
• The printing press boosted literacy and contributed to the proliferation of diverse ideas
• This facilitated globalization, by fostering the spread of knowledge and ideas across borders.

Historical Background of Media — The Printing Press

• The Gutenberg Bible's widespread dissemination marked a pivotal moment.
• Simultaneous discoveries of sea routes further bolstered the global spread of printed materials.
• The printing press fundamentally altered how knowledge was preserved and standardized.
• The press helped shape modern political and religious thought and ideas.

The Importance of Printing Press - Dissemination of Information.

• Availability of cheap, easily disseminated reading materials facilitated the transmission of ideas and information across the world.
• This widespread dissemination gave rise to higher literacy rates and rapid dissemination of economic, religious, and political ideas.
• The printing press facilitated the global spread of information and ideas.

Printing Press and Expanding Knowledge

• Gutenberg's printing press drastically altered the dissemination of information and knowledge globally.
• The near-simultaneous sea route discoveries and trade links accelerated the printing press's influence.
• The invention standardized and preserved knowledge, changing its very nature.

Evolution of Media and Globalization

• Media is an integral part of daily life.
• The development of speech and communication has been transformative for human society.
• A five-part periodization (oral, script, print, electronic, and digital) of media and globalization will be followed.

Oral Communication

• The development of language fundamentally distinguishes humans from other species.
• It facilitates cooperation, communication, and social interactions.
• Early forms of communication, such as storytelling and signalling, predate writing systems.
• By 30,000 BC, languages became formalized, intentional and recognizable.

Oral Communication

• The development of language allows humans to:
• share warnings and information
• travel and adapt to new environments
• establish settlements and improve their lives socially, economically and politically.

Script – The Origins of Writing

• While language is fundamental for human communication, it's imperfect.
• Writing systems, as a form of script, overcome the limitations of spoken language, namely distance and memory.
• The discovery of writing drastically enhanced the scope and longevity of human communication.

Script – Development of Writing Systems

• Early forms of writing, such as wood carvings, clay tablets, bronze, and bone carvings, predate papyrus.
• The development of papyrus in ancient Egypt revolutionized writing and its distribution.
• The ability to record and reproduce knowledge facilitated the building of political structures, trade, and the spread of cultural norms to different geographic areas.

Printing Press

• The printing press was a pivotal invention
• It democratized the circulation of information and knowledge.
• It had profound impacts on politics, religious views, and economic structures.

Electronic Media

• The 19th century saw the introduction of electronic media to the public.
• Electromagnetic energy, particularly electricity, underpins electronic media.
• Technologies like telegraph, telephone, radio, film, and television emerged, revolutionizing communication.

Electronic Media - Impacts

• The telegraph, invented in the 1830's had an immediate and demonstrably positive impact on many levels of economic activity.
• Instant communication through telegraph and other innovations allowed societies to communicate faster and facilitated communication without the need of physical proximity.
• The invention of the telephone led to a rapid expansion of communication technologies globally.

Electronic Media - Impacts

• Radio, film and later television proved to be powerful means of communication on a global stage.

Electronic Media - Impacts

• The invention of cell phones in the 1970's connected people throughout the world and facilitated interconnectedness across vast distances.

Digital Media

• Digital media comprises various audio, video, and photo content that has been encoded digitally.
• Digital media allows for easy manipulation, distribution, and transmission on computer networks.
• The rapid proliferation of digital media reshaped industries and facilitated globalization through faster, more diverse, more accessable communication.

Digital Media – Examples of Digital Media

• Ecommerce, Games, mobile, websites, social media, video, and virtual reality,
• Interactive storytelling and other forms of media are part of the digital domain.

Digital Media—Global Impacts

• The computer is considered a powerful tool for globalization due to its influence across industries.
• This technological advancement has revolutionized how information is accessed, disseminated, and interpreted.

Digital Media- Impacts on Culture

• Modern use of digital technology transformed cultural interactions, enabling instantaneous communication.
• Access to information and global connectivity changed practices in cultures around the world.
• The widespread availability and use of digital media is profoundly impacting cultural norms and practices.

Global Imaginary and Global Village

• Media connects people to the world and the world to people.
• Visuals, narratives, and cultural symbols are essential elements of globalization.
• The idea of a "global village" suggests a sense of global community, kinship, and cooperation.

Global Imaginary and Global Village - Impacts on Society

• Cosmopolitanism is increasingly pervasive in modern life.
• Identity is becoming increasingly linked to global communities and interconnectedness.
• The concepts of nation and nationalism are being questioned and redefined as part of this growing sense of shared global experience.

Media: A Vehicle to Economic, Political, and Cultural Globalization

• Media has developed into a major economic force, impacting global consumer culture and promoting the interests of large organizations.
• Mass media corporations, media moguls, and capitalists exert substantial influence and control.
• Transnational news organizations, like CNN or BBC, act as significant global news carriers.

Media: A Vehicle to Economic, Political, and Cultural Globalization — Oligopoly

• Within the media economic landscape, the concept of oligopoly (a market with a small number of major competitors) is notable.
• This limited competition often results in a concentration of ownership.
• The impact of media oligopoly often marginalizes local news programs.

Media: A Vehicle to Economic, Political, and Cultural Globalization — Impact on the Media

• Concentration of power and ownership within large media conglomerates.
• Challenges to individual journalists' independence and freedom of expression.
• Potential for biased or controlled global news dissemination due to media ownership.

Control and Power

• Globalization substantially impacts both politics and economics.
• Nation-states face challenges to their authority and boundaries as the world becomes increasingly interconnected and border-less.
• The media wield considerable political power.

Control and Power - Issues

• Journalists are often targeted and threatened.
• The role of governments in shaping and controlling the flow of information.
• The suppression of dissent or critical viewpoints can stifle free expression and lead to conflict.

Cultural Imperialism

• Media is impactful tool in globalization.
• It can promote economic interests while potentially influencing global cultural norms and values.

Cultural Imperialism - Cultural Dopes

• Media can act as a vehicle for diverse and international cultures, but this should be viewed from a nuanced perspective.

Cultural Imperialism—Cultural Convergence

• Globalization may lead to cultural sameness, potentially eroding distinct local traditions and expressions.

Cultural Imperialism - Cultural Hybridity — Media & Local Culture

• Media can lead to the blending and mixing of cultures.
• Local cultural expressions interact with global media influences to become new hybrid forms.

Cultural Imperialism -Cultural Hybridity -- Digital Age

• Local media have opportunities to thrive in the digital age.
• Media outlets can find new audiences and reach broader geographical regions.

Cultural Imperialism

• The power of mass media, both globally and locally, should be critically examined.
• It is important to understand the dynamics of globalization and cultural trends

Cultural Imperialism - Global Village

• Globalization and media may give rise to a global village, yet also potentially give rise to economic injustice, political repression, and cultural conflict.

Summary

• The lecture covers the global media culture, its history, evolution, and current impact.
• The presentation explores the origins and development of media, along with the challenges and consequences associated with globalization and media interactions.