Questions and Answers
What is a clone?
A group of identical cells or organisms produced from a cloning experiment
How can some plants be cloned?
By taking cuttings
What is required to clone a gene?
Inserting it into a vector that can carry the gene into a host cell and ensure its replication
Who produced clones of identical frogs by transplanting nuclei from a single frog embryo to many enucleate eggs?
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Who discovered restriction endonucleases in E. coli in the late 1960's?
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Study Notes
Cloning
- A clone is an exact genetic replica of an organism or a DNA sequence
Plant Cloning
- Some plants can be cloned through vegetative propagation, where a new plant grows from a part of the parent plant
Gene Cloning
- To clone a gene, the following is required:
- A DNA molecule containing the gene of interest
- A vector (e.g. plasmid) to carry the gene
- A host organism (e.g. bacterium) to express the gene
- Restriction endonucleases to cut the gene and vector
Frog Cloning
- In 1962, John Gurdon produced clones of identical frogs by transplanting nuclei from a single frog embryo to many enucleate eggs
Discovery of Restriction Endonucleases
- In the late 1960s, Werner Arber and Hamilton Smith discovered restriction endonucleases in E. coli, which revolutionized molecular biology
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Description
Test your knowledge of cloning in biology with this quiz. Explore the concept of cloning, from plant propagation to genetic cloning, and understand the processes involved in creating identical cells and organisms.
