90 Questions
Which cells inhibit granule cells in a feedforward inhibitory loop?
Golgi cells
Where do climbing fibers arise from?
Inferior olivary nucleus
Which fibers convey teaching signals to Purkinje cells?
Climbing fibers
Which fibers alter the responsiveness of Purkinje cells to excitation?
Mossy fibers
What is the function of the deep excitatory loop in the cerebellar cortex?
To receive input from the motor system
Where do the inhibitory cells from the cerebellum project back to?
Inferior olivary nucleus
Which part of the cerebellum receives sensory inputs from the vestibular system?
Vestibulocerebellum
Which part of the cerebellum is primarily involved in controlling axial and proximal limb muscles?
Spinocerebellum
Which part of the cerebellum is involved in executive functions and cognitive control?
Cerebrocerebellum
Which part of the cerebellum receives sensory inputs mostly from the spinocerebellar system?
Cerebellar vermis
What syndrome is caused by cerebellar lesions and is characterized by movement incoordination?
Ataxia
What action does the cerebellum perform to regulate the timing and gain of muscle contractions?
Feedforward action
Which nuclei are involved in regulating the leg swing/stance phases of walking?
RetN, VN, RN
Which structure forms synapses with Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex?
Stellate & basket cells
What is the main function of climbing fibers in the cerebellum?
Convey exteroceptive & proprioceptive information
How do parallel fibers inhibit Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex?
Through lateral inhibition
What is the role of Golgi cells in the cerebellum?
Control activity in the MF-PF pathway
Which of the following is NOT a deficit associated with damage or loss of the cerebellum?
Inability to understand the nature of a task
What anatomical structure is characterized by one MF rosette, several granule cell & GoC dendrites, as well as GoC axons?
Cerebellar glomerulus
What is the proposed role of the cerebellum in motor activities?
All of the above
What is the unique capability of the cerebellum in controlling movements?
Learning to predict the sensory consequences of movement
Which brain structures is the cerebellum deeply integrated with?
Cerebral cortex and brainstem
What type of information does the cerebral cortex send to the cerebellum?
Motor commands
What is the role of the cerebellar internal forward model?
Predicting the sensory consequences of movement
Which of the following is the main point of the motor-learning hypothesis?
More firing from CF leads to less AMPA receptors and no inhibition of DCN.
What is the role of GABABR in the induction of long-term depression (LTD) in the parallel fiber synapses?
GABABR enhances mGluR1 signaling.
What is the effect of loss of cerebellar activity on motor learning?
Inability to readjust eye-hand coordination during adaptation to prism glasses.
What is the role of the inferior cerebellar peduncle (IO CF) and/or inferior lateral posterior cerebellar cortex in prism adaptation?
They instruct some PCs to change synaptic weights at the PF synapses.
What is the clinical manifestation of damage to the spinocerebellum?
Drunk sailor's gait
What does the finger-to-nose test assess?
Coordination of pass-pointing.
What is the effect of cerebellar ablation on the discharge patterns of BS nuclei during walking?
It abolishes the discharge patterns of BS nuclei
Which cells in the cerebellar cortex form synapses with Purkinje cells?
Golgi cells
How many climbing fibers make synapses with a single Purkinje cell?
One or two
Which afferent system enters the cerebellum through mossy fibers?
Granule cells
What is the role of parallel fibers in the cerebellar cortex?
They make synapses with hundreds of Purkinje cells
Which interneurons in the cerebellar cortex inhibit Purkinje cells adjacent to or at some distance from the row of activated parallel fibers?
Basket cells
Which of the following is NOT a deficit associated with damage or loss of the cerebellum?
Inability to understand the nature of a task
What is the main function of climbing fibers in the cerebellum?
To excite Purkinje cells
Which part of the cerebellum is involved in executive functions and cognitive control?
Cerebrocerebellum
What is the role of the inferior cerebellar peduncle (IO CF) and/or inferior lateral posterior cerebellar cortex in prism adaptation?
To receive sensory inputs from the vestibular system
What is the effect of loss of cerebellar activity on motor learning?
Impaired motor learning
Which brain structures is the cerebellum deeply integrated with?
Cerebral cortex, brainstem, and spinal cord
Which part of the cerebellum is primarily involved in controlling distal limb muscles?
Cerebrocerebellum
Which part of the cerebellum receives sensory inputs from the corticopontocerebellar pathway?
Cerebrocerebellum
What is the output pathway of the cerebellar vermis?
Fastigial nucleus
Which part of the cerebellum is involved in visuo-vestibular interactions controlling ocular reflexes?
Vestibulocerebellum
What is the function of the cerebellum in regulating muscle contraction?
Regulating timing and gain of contraction in agonist and antagonist muscles
What is the role of the cerebellum in motor learning?
Modifying the internal forward model through plasticity
Which fibers convey teaching signals to Purkinje cells?
Climbing fibers
What is the role of Golgi cells in the cerebellum?
To inhibit granule cells
Where do the inhibitory cells from the cerebellum project back to?
Inferior olivary nucleus
What syndrome is caused by cerebellar lesions and is characterized by movement incoordination?
Cerebellar ataxia
What is the effect of loss of cerebellar activity on motor learning?
Impairs motor learning
What anatomical structure is characterized by one MF rosette, several granule cell & GoC dendrites, as well as GoC axons?
Cerebellar glomerulus
Which molecular cascade is activated in the spines when glutamate binds to mGluR1 at the perisynaptic region of PC dendritic spines?
Gq & PLCβ4
What is the main effect of CF-induced depolarization of PC dendrites in the cerebellum?
Ca2+ influx
What is the role of PKC in the induction of long-term depression (LTD) in the parallel fiber synapses?
Phosphorylates AMPA receptor
What happens to the firing of climbing fibers when there is more firing from the parallel fiber system in the cerebellum?
Decreases
What is the effect of loss of cerebellar activity on the adaptation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex?
Inability to readjust eye-hand coordination during adaptation to prism glasses
What is the clinical manifestation of damage to the spinocerebellum?
Drunk sailor's gait
Which of the following is NOT a deficit associated with damage or loss of the cerebellum?
Paralysis
What is the main function of the cerebellum in motor activities?
Cognitive functions related to motor functions
What is the unique capability of the cerebellum in controlling movements?
Acting as a forward controller by predicting system states
What type of information does the cerebral cortex send to the cerebellum?
Sensory consequences of movement
What is the role of climbing fibers in the cerebellum?
Conveying teaching signals to Purkinje cells
Which part of the cerebellum is primarily involved in controlling distal limb muscles?
Spinocerebellum
Which part of the cerebellum receives sensory inputs from the corticopontocerebellar pathway?
Cerebrocerebellum
What is the effect of loss of cerebellar activity on motor learning?
Impaired motor learning
What is the clinical manifestation of damage to the spinocerebellum?
Ataxia
What is the role of the inferior cerebellar peduncle (IO CF) and/or inferior lateral posterior cerebellar cortex in prism adaptation?
Control of ocular reflexes
What is the effect of cerebellar ablation on the discharge patterns of BS nuclei during walking?
Increased discharge patterns
Which part of the cerebellum is primarily involved in controlling distal limb muscles?
Cerebellar hemispheres
Which cells in the cerebellar cortex form synapses with Purkinje cells?
Granule cells
What is the main function of climbing fibers in the cerebellum?
Convey sensory information to the cerebellum
What is the effect of loss of cerebellar activity on motor learning?
Motor learning is impaired
What is the role of Golgi cells in the cerebellum?
Inhibit granule cells
What is the proposed role of the cerebellum in motor activities?
Timing and coordination of movements
Which part of the cerebellum is involved in visuo-vestibular interactions controlling ocular reflexes?
Flocculonodular lobe
What is the role of Golgi cells in the cerebellar cortex?
Golgi cells inhibit granule cells in a feedforward inhibitory loop
What is the effect of loss of cerebellar activity on motor learning?
Motor learning is impaired
What is the main function of climbing fibers in the cerebellum?
Climbing fibers convey teaching signals to Purkinje cells
Which part of the cerebellum is primarily involved in controlling distal limb muscles?
Lateral hemisphere
What is the role of the inferior cerebellar peduncle (IO CF) and/or inferior lateral posterior cerebellar cortex in prism adaptation?
They receive inputs from the spinocerebellar system
What is the clinical manifestation of damage to the spinocerebellum?
Dysmetria
What is the effect of loss of cerebellar activity on motor learning?
Loss of cerebellar activity impairs motor learning.
What is the role of the inferior cerebellar peduncle (IO CF) and/or inferior lateral posterior cerebellar cortex in prism adaptation?
They affect motor learning by impairing the adaptation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex.
What is the clinical manifestation of damage to the spinocerebellum?
Truncal ataxia
Which fibers convey teaching signals to Purkinje cells?
Climbing fibers
What is the main function of climbing fibers in the cerebellum?
To provide teaching signals to Purkinje cells
Which part of the cerebellum receives sensory inputs from the vestibular system?
Vestibulocerebellum
Quiz: Understanding the Role of Cerebellum in Walking Test your knowledge on how the cerebellum regulates the discharge of specific nuclei during the leg swing and stance phases of walking. Learn about the consequences of cerebellar damage and the impact on walking speed. Explore the relationship between cerebellar ablation and the patterns of neuronal discharge in nuclei. Dive into the layers of the cerebellar cortex and the role of Purkinje cells.
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