The Cerebellar Cortex and Walking Control

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Questions and Answers

Which nuclei are dynamically regulated by the cerebellum during walking?

Climbing fibers

Granular layer

Basilar pontine nuclei

RetN, VN, RN (correct)

What happens if the feedforward mechanism is lost due to damage in the cerebellum?

Random contractions and relaxations

Cerebellar ablation

Walking becomes faster

Walking becomes slower (correct)

Which cells form synapses with Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex?

Olivary neurons (correct)

Basket cells

Stellate cells

Granule cells

What is the function of the mossy fibers in the cerebellum?

Transmit sensory information Signup and view all the answers

Which interneurons inhibit the activity of Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex?

GoC Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical structure is formed by the synaptic contacts among granule cell dendrites, mossy fiber terminals, and Golgi cell axon and dendrites?

Cerebellar glomerulus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a deficit associated with damage or loss of the cerebellum?

Inability to understand a task Signup and view all the answers

What role does the cerebellum play in motor activities?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is the cerebellum deeply integrated with?

Brainstem Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique capability of the cerebellum?

Predicting system states based on sensory information Signup and view all the answers

What does the cerebral cortex send to the cerebellum?

Motor commands Signup and view all the answers

What does the cerebellar internal forward model do with the motor commands from the cerebral cortex?

Elaborates them Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the cerebellum receives sensory inputs from the vestibular system?

Flocculonodular lobe Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the cerebellum is involved in controlling axial and proximal limb muscles?

Cerebellar vermis Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the cerebellum is primarily involved in executive functions and cognitive control?

Cerebrocerebellum Signup and view all the answers

What is the main output pathway of the flocculonodular lobe?

Vestibulospinal tracts Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the cerebellum receives sensory inputs mostly from the corticopontocerebellar pathway?

Cerebellar hemispheres, pars lateralis Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the cerebellum in muscle contraction?

Regulates timing and gain of contraction Signup and view all the answers

Which molecular cascade is activated in the perisynaptic region of PC dendritic spines during LTD induction?

Gq & PLCβ4 Signup and view all the answers

What happens to AMPA receptors during LTD?

They are internalized Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of more firing from climbing fibers (CF) on AMPA receptors?

Downregulation of AMPA receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the cerebellum is associated with the clinical manifestation of nystagmus?

Vestibulocerebellum Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Romberg's test?

Assess balance issues related to the function of dorsal column Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the cerebellum is associated with the clinical manifestation of a drunk sailor's gait?

Spinocerebellum Signup and view all the answers

Which cells in the cerebellum receive instruction signals from climbing fibers (CF)?

Purkinje cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the multilayered afferent fibers from the locus coeruleus, raphe nuclei, and hypothalamus in the cerebellum?

Alter the responsiveness of Purkinje cells to excitation by mossy fibers Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Golgi cells (GoC) in the cerebellum?

To inhibit granule cells in a feedback inhibitory loop Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway is specific to the vestibulocerebellum?

Mossy fiber (mf) → unipolar brush cell (UBC) → granule cell (GrC) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells in the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) communicate through gap junctions?

Golgi cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the inhibitory (GABAergic) output from the deep nuclei of the cerebellum?

To project to specific parts of the inferior olivary nucleus (IO) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cerebellum?

Processing of sensory information Signup and view all the answers

What is the proposed role of the cerebellum in motor activities?

To coordinate muscle movements Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique capability of the cerebellum in controlling movements?

To predict system states based on sensory information Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the cerebellum receives sensory inputs from the corticopontocerebellar pathway?

Cerebrocerebellum Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of more firing from climbing fibers (CF) on AMPA receptors?

Depolarization Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the cerebellum is primarily involved in executive functions and cognitive control?

Cerebrocerebellum Signup and view all the answers

Which cells in the cerebellar cortex receive input from climbing fibers (CF) that make hundreds of excitatory synapses with them?

Purkinje cells Signup and view all the answers

Which interneurons in the cerebellar cortex inhibit the activity of Purkinje cells?

Basket cells Signup and view all the answers

Which afferent system transmits signals entering the cerebellum through the mossy fibers to the granular layer and Purkinje cells?

Climbing fibers Signup and view all the answers

Which cells in the cerebellum receive instruction signals from climbing fibers (CF)?

Purkinje cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of more firing from climbing fibers (CF) on parallel fiber (PF) synaptic efficacy?

Decreased PF synaptic efficacy Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the cerebellum is associated with the clinical manifestation of nystagmus?

Vestibulocerebellum Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is released from parallel fiber terminals and binds to mGluR1 during long-term depression (LTD) induction in the cerebellum?

Glutamate Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the cerebellum is primarily involved in motor learning and coordination of voluntary movements?

Spinocerebellum Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of more firing from climbing fibers (CF) in the cerebellum?

Decrease in AMPA receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a deficit associated with damage or loss of the cerebellum?

Paralysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the proposed role of the cerebellum in motor activities?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique capability of the cerebellum in controlling movements?

Learning to predict the precise timing of motor events Signup and view all the answers

What does the cerebral cortex send to the cerebellum?

Efference copy Signup and view all the answers

Which nucleus/nuclei in the brain are dynamically regulated by the cerebellum during leg swing/stance phases of walking?

RetN, VN, RN Signup and view all the answers

Which cells in the cerebellar cortex receive input from climbing fibers (CF) that make hundreds of excitatory synapses with them?

Purkinje cells Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the cerebellum primarily receives sensory inputs from the corticopontocerebellar pathway?

Cerebrocerebellum Signup and view all the answers

Which afferent system transmits signals entering the cerebellum through the mossy fibers to the granular layer and Purkinje cells?

Mossy fibers Signup and view all the answers

Which neurons in the cerebellum receive instruction signals from climbing fibers (CF)?

Purkinje cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Golgi cells (GoC) in the cerebellum?

To inhibit granule cells Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the cerebellum is primarily involved in motor learning and coordination of voluntary movements?

Cerebrocerebellum Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of more firing from climbing fibers (CF) on parallel fiber (PF) synaptic efficacy?

Decreased PF synaptic efficacy Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of more firing from climbing fibers (CF) on AMPA receptors?

AMPA receptors are phosphorylated and internalized Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the cerebellum is associated with the clinical manifestation of nystagmus?

Vestibulocerebellum Signup and view all the answers

What is the proposed role of the cerebellum in motor activities?

To execute and coordinate movements Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of more firing from climbing fibers (CF) on parallel fiber (PF) synaptic efficacy?

Decreased PF synaptic efficacy Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the cerebellum is primarily associated with controlling the muscle tone to match the information from the vestibular system?

Vestibulocerebellum Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the cerebellum is primarily involved in controlling axial and proximal limb muscles?

Spinocerebellum Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the cerebellum is primarily involved in executive functions and cognitive control?

Cerebrocerebellum Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the cerebellum receives sensory inputs from the corticopontocerebellar pathway?

Cerebrocerebellum Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cerebellum Function

The cerebellum dynamically regulates the nuclei during walking.
If the feedforward mechanism is lost due to damage in the cerebellum, it can lead to motor coordination deficits.

Cerebellar Cortex

Mossy fibers form synapses with granule cells, and Golgi cells inhibit granule cells.
Climbing fibers form synapses with Purkinje cells, which are inhibited by basket cells and stellate cells.

Mossy Fibers

Mossy fibers transmit sensory information from sensory organs to the cerebellum.
They form synapses with granule cells, which then send parallel fibers to Purkinje cells.

Purkinje Cells

Purkinje cells integrate information from parallel fibers and climbing fibers to regulate motor activities.
They are inhibited by basket cells and stellate cells.

Climbing Fibers

Climbing fibers transmit error signals from sensory organs to Purkinje cells.
They strengthen or weaken parallel fiber synapses, leading to long-term depression (LTD) or potentiation (LTP).

Deep Cerebellar Nuclei

The deep cerebellar nuclei are the main output pathway of the cerebellum.
They transmit motor Outputs to the cerebral cortex, spinal cord, and brainstem.

Cerebellum's Role in Motor Activities

The cerebellum integrates sensory information, motor commands, and error signals to regulate motor activities.
It plays a crucial role in motor learning, coordination, and control.

Cerebellum's Relation with Other Brain Regions

The cerebellum is deeply integrated with the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and brainstem.
It receives sensory inputs from the vestibular system, spinal cord, and corticopontocerebellar pathway.

Clinical Manifestations of Cerebellar Damage

Damage to the cerebellum can lead to ataxia, dysmetria, dysdiadochokinesis, and nystagmus.
The cerebellum is essential for maintaining posture, balance, and motor coordination.

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Description

Quiz: Understanding the Role of Cerebellar Cortex in Walking Control Test your knowledge on the intricate role of the cerebellar cortex in regulating the discharge of BS nuclei during the leg swing/stance phases of walking. Explore the impact of cerebellar damage on walking speed and the specific patterns of neuronal discharge in various nuclei. Learn about the crucial role of the Purkinje cell dendritic tree in this process.

The Cerebellar Cortex and Walking Control

Podcast Beta

Questions and Answers

Which nuclei are dynamically regulated by the cerebellum during walking?

What happens if the feedforward mechanism is lost due to damage in the cerebellum?

Which cells form synapses with Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex?

What is the function of the mossy fibers in the cerebellum?

Which interneurons inhibit the activity of Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex?

What anatomical structure is formed by the synaptic contacts among granule cell dendrites, mossy fiber terminals, and Golgi cell axon and dendrites?

Which of the following is NOT a deficit associated with damage or loss of the cerebellum?

What role does the cerebellum play in motor activities?

Which part of the brain is the cerebellum deeply integrated with?

What is the unique capability of the cerebellum?

What does the cerebral cortex send to the cerebellum?

What does the cerebellar internal forward model do with the motor commands from the cerebral cortex?

Which part of the cerebellum receives sensory inputs from the vestibular system?

Which part of the cerebellum is involved in controlling axial and proximal limb muscles?

Which part of the cerebellum is primarily involved in executive functions and cognitive control?

What is the main output pathway of the flocculonodular lobe?

Which part of the cerebellum receives sensory inputs mostly from the corticopontocerebellar pathway?

What is the role of the cerebellum in muscle contraction?

Which molecular cascade is activated in the perisynaptic region of PC dendritic spines during LTD induction?

What happens to AMPA receptors during LTD?

What is the main effect of more firing from climbing fibers (CF) on AMPA receptors?

Which part of the cerebellum is associated with the clinical manifestation of nystagmus?

What is the purpose of the Romberg's test?

Which part of the cerebellum is associated with the clinical manifestation of a drunk sailor's gait?

Which cells in the cerebellum receive instruction signals from climbing fibers (CF)?

What is the function of the multilayered afferent fibers from the locus coeruleus, raphe nuclei, and hypothalamus in the cerebellum?

What is the role of Golgi cells (GoC) in the cerebellum?

Which pathway is specific to the vestibulocerebellum?

Which type of cells in the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) communicate through gap junctions?

What is the function of the inhibitory (GABAergic) output from the deep nuclei of the cerebellum?

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cerebellum?

What is the proposed role of the cerebellum in motor activities?

What is the unique capability of the cerebellum in controlling movements?

Which part of the cerebellum receives sensory inputs from the corticopontocerebellar pathway?

What is the main effect of more firing from climbing fibers (CF) on AMPA receptors?

Which part of the cerebellum is primarily involved in executive functions and cognitive control?

Which cells in the cerebellar cortex receive input from climbing fibers (CF) that make hundreds of excitatory synapses with them?

Which interneurons in the cerebellar cortex inhibit the activity of Purkinje cells?

Which afferent system transmits signals entering the cerebellum through the mossy fibers to the granular layer and Purkinje cells?

Which cells in the cerebellum receive instruction signals from climbing fibers (CF)?

What is the main effect of more firing from climbing fibers (CF) on parallel fiber (PF) synaptic efficacy?

Which part of the cerebellum is associated with the clinical manifestation of nystagmus?

Which neurotransmitter is released from parallel fiber terminals and binds to mGluR1 during long-term depression (LTD) induction in the cerebellum?

Which region of the cerebellum is primarily involved in motor learning and coordination of voluntary movements?

What is the main effect of more firing from climbing fibers (CF) in the cerebellum?

Which of the following is NOT a deficit associated with damage or loss of the cerebellum?

What is the proposed role of the cerebellum in motor activities?

What is the unique capability of the cerebellum in controlling movements?

What does the cerebral cortex send to the cerebellum?

Which nucleus/nuclei in the brain are dynamically regulated by the cerebellum during leg swing/stance phases of walking?

Which cells in the cerebellar cortex receive input from climbing fibers (CF) that make hundreds of excitatory synapses with them?

Which part of the cerebellum primarily receives sensory inputs from the corticopontocerebellar pathway?

Which afferent system transmits signals entering the cerebellum through the mossy fibers to the granular layer and Purkinje cells?

Which neurons in the cerebellum receive instruction signals from climbing fibers (CF)?

What is the function of Golgi cells (GoC) in the cerebellum?

Which part of the cerebellum is primarily involved in motor learning and coordination of voluntary movements?

What is the main effect of more firing from climbing fibers (CF) on parallel fiber (PF) synaptic efficacy?

What is the main effect of more firing from climbing fibers (CF) on AMPA receptors?

Which part of the cerebellum is associated with the clinical manifestation of nystagmus?

What is the proposed role of the cerebellum in motor activities?

What is the main effect of more firing from climbing fibers (CF) on parallel fiber (PF) synaptic efficacy?

Which part of the cerebellum is primarily associated with controlling the muscle tone to match the information from the vestibular system?

Which part of the cerebellum is primarily involved in controlling axial and proximal limb muscles?

Which part of the cerebellum is primarily involved in executive functions and cognitive control?

Which part of the cerebellum receives sensory inputs from the corticopontocerebellar pathway?

Study Notes

Cerebellum Function

Cerebellar Cortex

Mossy Fibers

Purkinje Cells

Climbing Fibers

Deep Cerebellar Nuclei

Cerebellum's Role in Motor Activities

Cerebellum's Relation with Other Brain Regions

Clinical Manifestations of Cerebellar Damage

Studying That Suits You

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