The Cell Theory and Cellular Structures
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

  • Storage of nutrients
  • Provides internal structure and mediates intracellular transport (correct)
  • Site of photosynthesis
  • Production of ribosomes

    • Centrosomes contain paired centrioles in both animal and plant cells.

    False

    What do microtubules mainly contribute to during cell division?

    Spindle fibers formation

    The cytoplasm consists of the cytosol and _______.

    <p>organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following cell structures with their corresponding functions:

    <p>Cytoskeleton = Provides internal structure and mediates intracellular transport Centrosome = Microtubule organizing center for cell division Mitochondria = Powerhouse of the cell Ribosomes = Protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist is credited with the statement 'Omnis cellula e cellula'?

    <p>Rudolf Virchow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The unified cell theory states that all living things are composed of cells.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the three scientists who contributed to the development of the cell theory.

    <p>Matthias Schleiden, Theodore Schwann, Rudolf Virchow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cell is the fundamental unit of __________ and __________ in living things.

    <p>structure, function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the scientist with their contribution to cell theory:

    <p>Matthias Schleiden = Proposed that plants are composed of cells Theodore Schwann = Proposed that animals are composed of cells Rudolf Virchow = Proposed that all cells arise from pre-existing cells Louis Pasteur = Disproved spontaneous generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was disproven by scientific evidence during the development of cell theory?

    <p>Spontaneous generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All cells arise from spontaneous generation according to the modern cell theory.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cells arise from other cells through __________.

    <p>cellular division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is known as the site of aerobic respiration?

    <p>Mitochondrion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cell wall is a structure found in all types of cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of ribosomes?

    <p>Site of polypeptide synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ is the structure that stores genetic material in a cell.

    <p>nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is involved in the sorting, storing, and modification of secretory products?

    <p>Golgi Apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All cells carry genetic material that is passed to daughter cells during cellular division.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the vacuole?

    <p>Maintains hydrostatic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of breaking down toxic substances is facilitated by the _____.

    <p>peroxisome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the cell is described as a semi-permeable and selective barrier?

    <p>Cell Membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All cells are not chemically identical in their composition.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is known as the site of photosynthesis?

    <p>Chloroplast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the organelle with its function:

    <p>Lysosome = Breakdown of macromolecules Chloroplast = Site of photosynthesis Endoplasmic Reticulum = Transports materials between organelles Mitochondrion = Site of aerobic respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ is a double membrane structure that contains an inner region called a nucleolus.

    <p>nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the larger ribosome subunit in eukaryotic cells.

    <p>80S</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Theory

    • Fundamental principles of the Cell Theory include: all living organisms are made of cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and new cells arise from existing cells.
    • Key contributors: Matthias Schleiden (botanist), Theodore Schwann (zoologist), and Rudolf Virchow.
    • Rudolf Virchow introduced the concept "Omnis cellula e cellula" emphasizing cellular lineage.
    • Modern Cell Theory expands to include: genetic material is passed during division, all cells share a similar chemical composition, and metabolic processes occur within cells.

    Definition of a Cell

    • Cells are the smallest living units demonstrating life characteristics such as reproduction, metabolism, and homeostasis.
    • Organelles within cells are specialized structures performing distinct functions.

    Major Cell Organelles

    • Cell Membrane

      • Structure: Phospholipid bilayer with proteins.
      • Function: Acts as a selective barrier for the cell.

    • Cell Wall

      • Structure: Made of cellulose (in plants).
      • Function: Provides support and prevents excess water uptake.

    • Nucleus

      • Structure: Double membrane with pores; contains nucleolus.
      • Function: Houses genetic material (DNA) and assembles ribosomes.

    • Ribosomes

      • Structure: Composed of two RNA-protein subunits; 80S in eukaryotes, 70S in prokaryotes.
      • Function: Site for polypeptide synthesis (translation).

    • Mitochondrion

      • Structure: Double membrane with highly folded inner membrane (cristae).
      • Function: Main site for ATP production via aerobic respiration.

    • Chloroplast

      • Structure: Double membrane containing thylakoid stacks.
      • Function: Site of photosynthesis; stores organic molecules.

    • Endoplasmic Reticulum

      • Structure: Network of membranes; can be smooth (no ribosomes) or rough (with ribosomes).
      • Function: Transports materials; synthesizes lipids (smooth ER) and proteins (rough ER).

    • Golgi Apparatus

      • Structure: Vesicles and folded membranes near the cell membrane.
      • Function: Modifies, sorts, and exports secretory products.

    • Vacuole

      • Structure: Fluid-filled cavity surrounded by a membrane (tonoplast).
      • Function: Maintains cell turgor pressure; usually large in plant cells.

    • Lysosome

      • Structure: Membranous sac containing hydrolytic enzymes.
      • Function: Breakdown of macromolecules.

    • Peroxisome

      • Structure: Membranous sac with various catabolic enzymes.
      • Function: Breaks down toxic substances like hydrogen peroxide.

    • Cytoskeleton

      • Structure: Filamentous network in the cytoplasm.
      • Function: Provides structure and facilitates intracellular transport.

    • Centrosome

      • Structure: Microtubule organizing center with paired centrioles in animal cells.
      • Function: Aids in the formation of spindle fibers during cell division (mitosis/meiosis).

    Learning Resources

    • Explore interactive cell models and organelles through provided online resources.

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    Related Documents

    1.1 The Cell Theory and Cellular Structures and Functions PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of the Cell Theory and the structure and function of major cell organelles. Students will test their understanding of the key postulates and cellular concepts. Prepare to explore the intricacies of cell biology.

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