Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?
Centrosomes contain paired centrioles in both animal and plant cells.
False
What do microtubules mainly contribute to during cell division?
Spindle fibers formation
The cytoplasm consists of the cytosol and _______.
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Match the following cell structures with their corresponding functions:
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Which scientist is credited with the statement 'Omnis cellula e cellula'?
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The unified cell theory states that all living things are composed of cells.
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Name the three scientists who contributed to the development of the cell theory.
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The cell is the fundamental unit of __________ and __________ in living things.
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Match the scientist with their contribution to cell theory:
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What was disproven by scientific evidence during the development of cell theory?
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All cells arise from spontaneous generation according to the modern cell theory.
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Cells arise from other cells through __________.
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Which organelle is known as the site of aerobic respiration?
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The cell wall is a structure found in all types of cells.
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What is the function of ribosomes?
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The _____ is the structure that stores genetic material in a cell.
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Which organelle is involved in the sorting, storing, and modification of secretory products?
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All cells carry genetic material that is passed to daughter cells during cellular division.
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What is the primary function of the vacuole?
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The process of breaking down toxic substances is facilitated by the _____.
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Which part of the cell is described as a semi-permeable and selective barrier?
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All cells are not chemically identical in their composition.
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What structure is known as the site of photosynthesis?
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Match the organelle with its function:
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The _____ is a double membrane structure that contains an inner region called a nucleolus.
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Name the larger ribosome subunit in eukaryotic cells.
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Study Notes
Cell Theory
- Fundamental principles of the Cell Theory include: all living organisms are made of cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and new cells arise from existing cells.
- Key contributors: Matthias Schleiden (botanist), Theodore Schwann (zoologist), and Rudolf Virchow.
- Rudolf Virchow introduced the concept "Omnis cellula e cellula" emphasizing cellular lineage.
- Modern Cell Theory expands to include: genetic material is passed during division, all cells share a similar chemical composition, and metabolic processes occur within cells.
Definition of a Cell
- Cells are the smallest living units demonstrating life characteristics such as reproduction, metabolism, and homeostasis.
- Organelles within cells are specialized structures performing distinct functions.
Major Cell Organelles
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Cell Membrane
- Structure: Phospholipid bilayer with proteins.
- Function: Acts as a selective barrier for the cell.
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Cell Wall
- Structure: Made of cellulose (in plants).
- Function: Provides support and prevents excess water uptake.
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Nucleus
- Structure: Double membrane with pores; contains nucleolus.
- Function: Houses genetic material (DNA) and assembles ribosomes.
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Ribosomes
- Structure: Composed of two RNA-protein subunits; 80S in eukaryotes, 70S in prokaryotes.
- Function: Site for polypeptide synthesis (translation).
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Mitochondrion
- Structure: Double membrane with highly folded inner membrane (cristae).
- Function: Main site for ATP production via aerobic respiration.
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Chloroplast
- Structure: Double membrane containing thylakoid stacks.
- Function: Site of photosynthesis; stores organic molecules.
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Structure: Network of membranes; can be smooth (no ribosomes) or rough (with ribosomes).
- Function: Transports materials; synthesizes lipids (smooth ER) and proteins (rough ER).
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Golgi Apparatus
- Structure: Vesicles and folded membranes near the cell membrane.
- Function: Modifies, sorts, and exports secretory products.
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Vacuole
- Structure: Fluid-filled cavity surrounded by a membrane (tonoplast).
- Function: Maintains cell turgor pressure; usually large in plant cells.
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Lysosome
- Structure: Membranous sac containing hydrolytic enzymes.
- Function: Breakdown of macromolecules.
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Peroxisome
- Structure: Membranous sac with various catabolic enzymes.
- Function: Breaks down toxic substances like hydrogen peroxide.
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Cytoskeleton
- Structure: Filamentous network in the cytoplasm.
- Function: Provides structure and facilitates intracellular transport.
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Centrosome
- Structure: Microtubule organizing center with paired centrioles in animal cells.
- Function: Aids in the formation of spindle fibers during cell division (mitosis/meiosis).
Learning Resources
- Explore interactive cell models and organelles through provided online resources.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of the Cell Theory and the structure and function of major cell organelles. Students will test their understanding of the key postulates and cellular concepts. Prepare to explore the intricacies of cell biology.
