The Cat's Puzzle

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Questions and Answers

Which brain structure plays important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory, conditioning, and in spatial memory that enables navigation?

  • Hypothalamus
  • Hippocampus (correct)
  • Subcortical structures
  • Frontal lobes

What is the main focus of behaviorism?

  • Mental activity
  • Emotional processing
  • Observable behaviors (correct)
  • Learning mechanisms

Which brain structure is responsible for feelings of fear, anxiety, and other negative emotions typically associated with the fight-or-flight response?

  • Subcortical structures
  • Frontal lobes
  • Amygdala (correct)
  • Basal ganglia

Which type of learning relies on mental processes such as attention, memory, and imitation?

<p>Observational learning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In classical conditioning, organisms learn the association between two stimuli. What is an example of classical conditioning?

<p>A child associating a doctor's office with getting a painful injection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unconditioned stimulus (US) in Pavlov's experiment with dogs?

<p>The meat (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conditioned stimulus (CS) in classical conditioning?

<p>The sight of a food dish (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reinforcer is associated with a primary reinforcer to result in a conditioned response?

<p>Secondary reinforcer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for performing a reinforced behavior in a different situation?

<p>Generalization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for when an organism learns from experience that it has no control over a negative outcome?

<p>Learned helplessness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which a stimulus or event following a behavior increases the probability that the behavior will happen again?

<p>Reinforcement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to classical conditioning, what is a conditioned response (CR)?

<p>A response that is associated with a previously neutral stimulus (CS) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of varying the physical location where a drug is taken?

<p>To prevent habituation to the drug (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of conditioning is used to explain voluntary behaviors?

<p>Operant conditioning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Thorndike's Law of Effect?

<p>Behaviors followed by pleasant outcomes are strengthened (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a conditioned response (CR)?

<p>Salivating at the sound of a bell after it has been paired with food (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of stimulus generalization?

<p>Salivating at the sound of a whistle after it has been paired with food (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of learning to respond to certain stimuli and not others called?

<p>Discrimination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the weakening of the conditioned response (CR) when the unconditioned stimulus (US) is absent?

<p>Extinction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes counterconditioning?

<p>A procedure in which a therapist tries to break the connection between a CS and a CR (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is aversive conditioning?

<p>Pairing an unpleasant stimulus with a CS to strengthen the association (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of taste aversion?

<p>Feeling nauseous after eating a particular food (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conditioned stimulus in the placebo effect?

<p>The pill or syringe (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes discrimination in operant conditioning?

<p>Responding appropriately to specific stimuli that signal whether a behavior will or will not be reinforced. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Selective disobedience occurs when a service dog:

<p>Overrides commands from her human partner if the context provides cues that obedience is not the appropriate response. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens in extinction in operant conditioning?

<p>A behavior is no longer reinforced and decreases in frequency. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain structure plays important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory, conditioning, and in spatial memory that enables navigation?

<p>Hippocampus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of behaviorism?

<p>Observable behaviors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is aversive conditioning?

<p>Learning through association of a negative stimulus with a behavior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for when an organism learns from experience that it has no control over a negative outcome?

<p>Learned helplessness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about conditioned responses (CR)?

<p>They are typically weaker than unconditioned responses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of learning the connection between the unconditioned stimulus (US) and conditioned stimulus (CS) called?

<p>Acquisition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the tendency of a new stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus to elicit a response that is similar to the conditioned response?

<p>Generalization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of learning to respond to certain stimuli and not others?

<p>Discrimination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes associative learning?

<p>Learning through the association between two events (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In classical conditioning, what is the unconditioned response (UR)?

<p>The response that occurs naturally in response to the unconditioned stimulus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of behaviorism?

<p>The study of observable behavior and its relationship to environmental stimuli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of learning associations in operant conditioning called?

<p>Conditioning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is involved with reinforcement and operant learning in Skinner's approach to Operant Conditioning?

<p>Dopamine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a method of teaching/training that involves rewarding every successful step towards a goal?

<p>Shaping (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which a stimulus or event following a behavior increases the probability that the behavior will happen again?

<p>Reinforcement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for when an organism learns from experience that it has no control over a negative outcome and leads to a particular deficit in avoidance learning even when they could actually avoid the negative outcomes?

<p>Learned helplessness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning?

<p>A child developing a taste aversion to a specific flavor of candy before chemotherapy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conditioned stimulus (CS) in the placebo effect?

<p>The participant's belief that the pill will have an effect (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of varying the physical location where a drug is taken?

<p>To prevent habituation to the drug (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of conditioning is used to explain voluntary behaviors?

<p>Operant conditioning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes taste aversion learning?

<p>The association between a particular taste and a negative response (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unconditioned stimulus (US) in taste aversion learning?

<p>The agent that made the person sick (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes counterconditioning?

<p>A procedure to break the connection between the conditioned stimulus (CS) and conditioned response (CR) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes classical conditioning's role in reducing the immune response in transplant patients?

<p>Classical conditioning can be used to reduce the immune response in transplant patients (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes discrimination in operant conditioning?

<p>Responding appropriately to specific stimuli that signal whether a behavior will or will not be reinforced. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for when an organism learns from experience that it has no control over a negative outcome?

<p>Learned helplessness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of learning to respond to certain stimuli and not others called?

<p>Discrimination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens in extinction in operant conditioning?

<p>A behavior is no longer reinforced and decreases in frequency. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Selective disobedience occurs when a service dog:

<p>Refuses to obey commands from her human partner based on contextual cues. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conditioned response (CR) in classical conditioning?

<p>The response that is learned through association with the conditioned stimulus (CS) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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