The Cat's Puzzle
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Questions and Answers

Which brain structure plays important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory, conditioning, and in spatial memory that enables navigation?

  • Hypothalamus
  • Hippocampus (correct)
  • Subcortical structures
  • Frontal lobes

    • What is the main focus of behaviorism?

  • Mental activity
  • Emotional processing
  • Observable behaviors (correct)
  • Learning mechanisms

    • Which brain structure is responsible for feelings of fear, anxiety, and other negative emotions typically associated with the fight-or-flight response?

  • Subcortical structures
  • Frontal lobes
  • Amygdala (correct)
  • Basal ganglia

    • Which type of learning relies on mental processes such as attention, memory, and imitation?

    <p>Observational learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In classical conditioning, organisms learn the association between two stimuli. What is an example of classical conditioning?

    <p>A child associating a doctor's office with getting a painful injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unconditioned stimulus (US) in Pavlov's experiment with dogs?

    <p>The meat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the conditioned stimulus (CS) in classical conditioning?

    <p>The sight of a food dish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reinforcer is associated with a primary reinforcer to result in a conditioned response?

    <p>Secondary reinforcer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for performing a reinforced behavior in a different situation?

    <p>Generalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for when an organism learns from experience that it has no control over a negative outcome?

    <p>Learned helplessness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which a stimulus or event following a behavior increases the probability that the behavior will happen again?

    <p>Reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to classical conditioning, what is a conditioned response (CR)?

    <p>A response that is associated with a previously neutral stimulus (CS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of varying the physical location where a drug is taken?

    <p>To prevent habituation to the drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of conditioning is used to explain voluntary behaviors?

    <p>Operant conditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Thorndike's Law of Effect?

    <p>Behaviors followed by pleasant outcomes are strengthened</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a conditioned response (CR)?

    <p>Salivating at the sound of a bell after it has been paired with food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of stimulus generalization?

    <p>Salivating at the sound of a whistle after it has been paired with food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of learning to respond to certain stimuli and not others called?

    <p>Discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the weakening of the conditioned response (CR) when the unconditioned stimulus (US) is absent?

    <p>Extinction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes counterconditioning?

    <p>A procedure in which a therapist tries to break the connection between a CS and a CR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is aversive conditioning?

    <p>Pairing an unpleasant stimulus with a CS to strengthen the association</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of taste aversion?

    <p>Feeling nauseous after eating a particular food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the conditioned stimulus in the placebo effect?

    <p>The pill or syringe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes discrimination in operant conditioning?

    <p>Responding appropriately to specific stimuli that signal whether a behavior will or will not be reinforced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Selective disobedience occurs when a service dog:

    <p>Overrides commands from her human partner if the context provides cues that obedience is not the appropriate response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in extinction in operant conditioning?

    <p>A behavior is no longer reinforced and decreases in frequency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain structure plays important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory, conditioning, and in spatial memory that enables navigation?

    <p>Hippocampus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of behaviorism?

    <p>Observable behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is aversive conditioning?

    <p>Learning through association of a negative stimulus with a behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for when an organism learns from experience that it has no control over a negative outcome?

    <p>Learned helplessness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about conditioned responses (CR)?

    <p>They are typically weaker than unconditioned responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of learning the connection between the unconditioned stimulus (US) and conditioned stimulus (CS) called?

    <p>Acquisition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the tendency of a new stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus to elicit a response that is similar to the conditioned response?

    <p>Generalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of learning to respond to certain stimuli and not others?

    <p>Discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes associative learning?

    <p>Learning through the association between two events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In classical conditioning, what is the unconditioned response (UR)?

    <p>The response that occurs naturally in response to the unconditioned stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of behaviorism?

    <p>The study of observable behavior and its relationship to environmental stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of learning associations in operant conditioning called?

    <p>Conditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is involved with reinforcement and operant learning in Skinner's approach to Operant Conditioning?

    <p>Dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a method of teaching/training that involves rewarding every successful step towards a goal?

    <p>Shaping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which a stimulus or event following a behavior increases the probability that the behavior will happen again?

    <p>Reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for when an organism learns from experience that it has no control over a negative outcome and leads to a particular deficit in avoidance learning even when they could actually avoid the negative outcomes?

    <p>Learned helplessness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning?

    <p>A child developing a taste aversion to a specific flavor of candy before chemotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the conditioned stimulus (CS) in the placebo effect?

    <p>The participant's belief that the pill will have an effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of varying the physical location where a drug is taken?

    <p>To prevent habituation to the drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of conditioning is used to explain voluntary behaviors?

    <p>Operant conditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes taste aversion learning?

    <p>The association between a particular taste and a negative response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unconditioned stimulus (US) in taste aversion learning?

    <p>The agent that made the person sick</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes counterconditioning?

    <p>A procedure to break the connection between the conditioned stimulus (CS) and conditioned response (CR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes classical conditioning's role in reducing the immune response in transplant patients?

    <p>Classical conditioning can be used to reduce the immune response in transplant patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes discrimination in operant conditioning?

    <p>Responding appropriately to specific stimuli that signal whether a behavior will or will not be reinforced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for when an organism learns from experience that it has no control over a negative outcome?

    <p>Learned helplessness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of learning to respond to certain stimuli and not others called?

    <p>Discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in extinction in operant conditioning?

    <p>A behavior is no longer reinforced and decreases in frequency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Selective disobedience occurs when a service dog:

    <p>Refuses to obey commands from her human partner based on contextual cues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the conditioned response (CR) in classical conditioning?

    <p>The response that is learned through association with the conditioned stimulus (CS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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