56 Questions
Which brain structure plays important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory, conditioning, and in spatial memory that enables navigation?
Hippocampus
What is the main focus of behaviorism?
Observable behaviors
Which brain structure is responsible for feelings of fear, anxiety, and other negative emotions typically associated with the fight-or-flight response?
Amygdala
Which type of learning relies on mental processes such as attention, memory, and imitation?
Observational learning
In classical conditioning, organisms learn the association between two stimuli. What is an example of classical conditioning?
A child associating a doctor's office with getting a painful injection
What is the unconditioned stimulus (US) in Pavlov's experiment with dogs?
The meat
What is the conditioned stimulus (CS) in classical conditioning?
The sight of a food dish
Which type of reinforcer is associated with a primary reinforcer to result in a conditioned response?
Secondary reinforcer
What is the term for performing a reinforced behavior in a different situation?
Generalization
What is the term for when an organism learns from experience that it has no control over a negative outcome?
Learned helplessness
What is the process by which a stimulus or event following a behavior increases the probability that the behavior will happen again?
Reinforcement
According to classical conditioning, what is a conditioned response (CR)?
A response that is associated with a previously neutral stimulus (CS)
What is the purpose of varying the physical location where a drug is taken?
To prevent habituation to the drug
Which type of conditioning is used to explain voluntary behaviors?
Operant conditioning
What is Thorndike's Law of Effect?
Behaviors followed by pleasant outcomes are strengthened
Which of the following is an example of a conditioned response (CR)?
Salivating at the sound of a bell after it has been paired with food
Which of the following is an example of stimulus generalization?
Salivating at the sound of a whistle after it has been paired with food
What is the process of learning to respond to certain stimuli and not others called?
Discrimination
What is the term for the weakening of the conditioned response (CR) when the unconditioned stimulus (US) is absent?
Extinction
Which of the following best describes counterconditioning?
A procedure in which a therapist tries to break the connection between a CS and a CR
What is aversive conditioning?
Pairing an unpleasant stimulus with a CS to strengthen the association
Which of the following is an example of taste aversion?
Feeling nauseous after eating a particular food
What is the conditioned stimulus in the placebo effect?
The pill or syringe
Which of the following best describes discrimination in operant conditioning?
Responding appropriately to specific stimuli that signal whether a behavior will or will not be reinforced.
Selective disobedience occurs when a service dog:
Overrides commands from her human partner if the context provides cues that obedience is not the appropriate response.
What happens in extinction in operant conditioning?
A behavior is no longer reinforced and decreases in frequency.
Which brain structure plays important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory, conditioning, and in spatial memory that enables navigation?
Hippocampus
What is the main focus of behaviorism?
Observable behaviors
What is aversive conditioning?
Learning through association of a negative stimulus with a behavior
What is the term for when an organism learns from experience that it has no control over a negative outcome?
Learned helplessness
Which of the following is true about conditioned responses (CR)?
They are typically weaker than unconditioned responses
What is the process of learning the connection between the unconditioned stimulus (US) and conditioned stimulus (CS) called?
Acquisition
What is the term for the tendency of a new stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus to elicit a response that is similar to the conditioned response?
Generalization
What is the term for the process of learning to respond to certain stimuli and not others?
Discrimination
Which of the following best describes associative learning?
Learning through the association between two events
In classical conditioning, what is the unconditioned response (UR)?
The response that occurs naturally in response to the unconditioned stimulus
What is the main focus of behaviorism?
The study of observable behavior and its relationship to environmental stimuli
What is the process of learning associations in operant conditioning called?
Conditioning
Which neurotransmitter is involved with reinforcement and operant learning in Skinner's approach to Operant Conditioning?
Dopamine
What is the term for a method of teaching/training that involves rewarding every successful step towards a goal?
Shaping
What is the term for the process by which a stimulus or event following a behavior increases the probability that the behavior will happen again?
Reinforcement
What is the term for when an organism learns from experience that it has no control over a negative outcome and leads to a particular deficit in avoidance learning even when they could actually avoid the negative outcomes?
Learned helplessness
Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning?
A child developing a taste aversion to a specific flavor of candy before chemotherapy
What is the conditioned stimulus (CS) in the placebo effect?
The participant's belief that the pill will have an effect
What is the purpose of varying the physical location where a drug is taken?
To prevent habituation to the drug
Which type of conditioning is used to explain voluntary behaviors?
Operant conditioning
Which of the following best describes taste aversion learning?
The association between a particular taste and a negative response
What is the unconditioned stimulus (US) in taste aversion learning?
The agent that made the person sick
Which of the following best describes counterconditioning?
A procedure to break the connection between the conditioned stimulus (CS) and conditioned response (CR)
Which of the following best describes classical conditioning's role in reducing the immune response in transplant patients?
Classical conditioning can be used to reduce the immune response in transplant patients
Which of the following best describes discrimination in operant conditioning?
Responding appropriately to specific stimuli that signal whether a behavior will or will not be reinforced.
What is the term for when an organism learns from experience that it has no control over a negative outcome?
Learned helplessness
What is the process of learning to respond to certain stimuli and not others called?
Discrimination
What happens in extinction in operant conditioning?
A behavior is no longer reinforced and decreases in frequency.
Selective disobedience occurs when a service dog:
Refuses to obey commands from her human partner based on contextual cues.
What is the conditioned response (CR) in classical conditioning?
The response that is learned through association with the conditioned stimulus (CS)
Can You Solve the Cat's Puzzle? Test your problem-solving skills and see if you can figure out how the cat escaped from the box by stepping on a lever. Challenge yourself with this intriguing quiz!
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