The Cardiovascular System
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Questions and Answers

Which type of blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?

  • Veins
  • Arterioles
  • Capillaries
  • Arteries (correct)

Which type of blood vessels have the thinnest walls?

  • Veins
  • Arterioles
  • Arteries
  • Capillaries (correct)

What is the main reason why the diameter and wall thickness of arteries decrease as they get further from the heart?

  • To prevent blood clotting
  • To allow for easy stretching
  • To increase blood flow
  • To reduce fluid pressure from the heart (correct)

Which type of blood vessels branch from larger arteries and are structurally similar to them?

<p>Arterioles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why blood continues to flow toward the heart in veins despite the low pressure?

<p>Due to fluid dynamics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of blood vessels bring blood back to the heart?

<p>Veins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the walls of arteries and veins?

<p>Arterial walls are thicker than venous walls (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is part of the cardiovascular system?

<p>Heart (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the rapid exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste occur across the blood vessel wall?

<p>Capillaries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood vessels have the closest proximity to the heart?

<p>Arteries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cardiovascular system?

<p>Transporting blood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why the venous walls do not become as thick as arterial walls?

<p>Due to the low pressure exerted on venous blood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the pericardium?

<p>To secrete lubricating fluid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chamber of the heart pushes blood throughout the body?

<p>Left ventricle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two atria in the heart?

<p>Right atrium and left atrium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the septum in the heart?

<p>To divide the right and left sides of the heart (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of heart valves?

<p>Tricuspid valve and bicuspid valve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many times does blood enter the heart during one complete circuit of the cardiovascular system?

<p>Twice (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of blood vessels?

<p>Arteries, capillaries, and veins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three layers of the walls of arteries and veins?

<p>Endothelium, smooth muscle, and connective tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which circuit takes blood toward the lungs?

<p>Pulmonary circuit (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of white blood cells?

<p>Destroy pathogens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of blood cells deliver oxygen?

<p>Red blood cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do red blood cells pick up oxygen?

<p>In the lungs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long do red blood cells circulate before they need removal from the circulatory system?

<p>Approximately 120 days (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organs remove worn out red blood cells?

<p>Spleen and liver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many red blood cells are estimated to be broken down per second?

<p>2 million (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rate of erythropoiesis (RBC formation)?

<p>2 million cells per second (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of blood plasma?

<p>Water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of plasma proteins?

<p>Maintain blood's osmotic pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood cells are responsible for phagocytosis and digestion of protozoa and viruses?

<p>Monocytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of platelets?

<p>Formation of blood clots (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood cells are responsible for phagocytosis of bacteria?

<p>Neutrophils (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process for repairing a hole in a blood vessel called?

<p>Hemostasis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood cells are responsible for defense against parasitic helminths?

<p>Eosinophils (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of erythrocytes (red blood cells)?

<p>Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main functions of blood cells?

<p>Carry oxygen, fight infections, prevent over bleeding, maintain pH, carry digested food, dispose of waste products (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood cells are responsible for clotting of blood?

<p>Platelets (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of lymphocytes?

<p>Generation of antibody-producing terminal cells, killing of virus-infected cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of basophils?

<p>Release of histamine and other inflammation mediators (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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