The Cardiovascular System
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Questions and Answers

Which type of blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?

  • Veins
  • Arterioles
  • Capillaries
  • Arteries (correct)

    • Which type of blood vessels have the thinnest walls?

  • Veins
  • Arterioles
  • Arteries
  • Capillaries (correct)

    • What is the main reason why the diameter and wall thickness of arteries decrease as they get further from the heart?

  • To prevent blood clotting
  • To allow for easy stretching
  • To increase blood flow
  • To reduce fluid pressure from the heart (correct)

    • Which type of blood vessels branch from larger arteries and are structurally similar to them?

    <p>Arterioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why blood continues to flow toward the heart in veins despite the low pressure?

    <p>Due to fluid dynamics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of blood vessels bring blood back to the heart?

    <p>Veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the walls of arteries and veins?

    <p>Arterial walls are thicker than venous walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is part of the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the rapid exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste occur across the blood vessel wall?

    <p>Capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels have the closest proximity to the heart?

    <p>Arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Transporting blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why the venous walls do not become as thick as arterial walls?

    <p>Due to the low pressure exerted on venous blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the pericardium?

    <p>To secrete lubricating fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chamber of the heart pushes blood throughout the body?

    <p>Left ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two atria in the heart?

    <p>Right atrium and left atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the septum in the heart?

    <p>To divide the right and left sides of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of heart valves?

    <p>Tricuspid valve and bicuspid valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many times does blood enter the heart during one complete circuit of the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Twice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three types of blood vessels?

    <p>Arteries, capillaries, and veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three layers of the walls of arteries and veins?

    <p>Endothelium, smooth muscle, and connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which circuit takes blood toward the lungs?

    <p>Pulmonary circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of white blood cells?

    <p>Destroy pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of blood cells deliver oxygen?

    <p>Red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do red blood cells pick up oxygen?

    <p>In the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long do red blood cells circulate before they need removal from the circulatory system?

    <p>Approximately 120 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organs remove worn out red blood cells?

    <p>Spleen and liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many red blood cells are estimated to be broken down per second?

    <p>2 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rate of erythropoiesis (RBC formation)?

    <p>2 million cells per second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of blood plasma?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of plasma proteins?

    <p>Maintain blood's osmotic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood cells are responsible for phagocytosis and digestion of protozoa and viruses?

    <p>Monocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of platelets?

    <p>Formation of blood clots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood cells are responsible for phagocytosis of bacteria?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process for repairing a hole in a blood vessel called?

    <p>Hemostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood cells are responsible for defense against parasitic helminths?

    <p>Eosinophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of erythrocytes (red blood cells)?

    <p>Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main functions of blood cells?

    <p>Carry oxygen, fight infections, prevent over bleeding, maintain pH, carry digested food, dispose of waste products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood cells are responsible for clotting of blood?

    <p>Platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of lymphocytes?

    <p>Generation of antibody-producing terminal cells, killing of virus-infected cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of basophils?

    <p>Release of histamine and other inflammation mediators</p> Signup and view all the answers

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