The Cardiovascular System

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Which type of blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?

Veins

Arterioles

Capillaries

Arteries (correct)

Which type of blood vessels have the thinnest walls?

Veins

Arterioles

Arteries

Capillaries (correct)

What is the main reason why the diameter and wall thickness of arteries decrease as they get further from the heart?

To prevent blood clotting

To allow for easy stretching

To increase blood flow

To reduce fluid pressure from the heart (correct)

Which type of blood vessels branch from larger arteries and are structurally similar to them?

Arterioles Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why blood continues to flow toward the heart in veins despite the low pressure?

Due to fluid dynamics Signup and view all the answers

Which type of blood vessels bring blood back to the heart?

Veins Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the walls of arteries and veins?

Arterial walls are thicker than venous walls Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is part of the cardiovascular system?

Heart Signup and view all the answers

Where does the rapid exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste occur across the blood vessel wall?

Capillaries Signup and view all the answers

Which blood vessels have the closest proximity to the heart?

Arteries Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cardiovascular system?

Transporting blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why the venous walls do not become as thick as arterial walls?

Due to the low pressure exerted on venous blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the pericardium?

To secrete lubricating fluid Signup and view all the answers

Which chamber of the heart pushes blood throughout the body?

Left ventricle Signup and view all the answers

What are the two atria in the heart?

Right atrium and left atrium Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the septum in the heart?

To divide the right and left sides of the heart Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of heart valves?

Tricuspid valve and bicuspid valve Signup and view all the answers

How many times does blood enter the heart during one complete circuit of the cardiovascular system?

Twice Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of blood vessels?

Arteries, capillaries, and veins Signup and view all the answers

What are the three layers of the walls of arteries and veins?

Endothelium, smooth muscle, and connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which circuit takes blood toward the lungs?

Pulmonary circuit Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of white blood cells?

Destroy pathogens Signup and view all the answers

Which type of blood cells deliver oxygen?

Red blood cells Signup and view all the answers

Where do red blood cells pick up oxygen?

In the lungs Signup and view all the answers

How long do red blood cells circulate before they need removal from the circulatory system?

Approximately 120 days Signup and view all the answers

Which organs remove worn out red blood cells?

Spleen and liver Signup and view all the answers

How many red blood cells are estimated to be broken down per second?

2 million Signup and view all the answers

What is the rate of erythropoiesis (RBC formation)?

2 million cells per second Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of blood plasma?

Water Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of plasma proteins?

Maintain blood's osmotic pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which blood cells are responsible for phagocytosis and digestion of protozoa and viruses?

Monocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of platelets?

Formation of blood clots Signup and view all the answers

Which blood cells are responsible for phagocytosis of bacteria?

Neutrophils Signup and view all the answers

What is the process for repairing a hole in a blood vessel called?

Hemostasis Signup and view all the answers

Which blood cells are responsible for defense against parasitic helminths?

Eosinophils Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of erythrocytes (red blood cells)?

Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What are the main functions of blood cells?

Carry oxygen, fight infections, prevent over bleeding, maintain pH, carry digested food, dispose of waste products Signup and view all the answers

Which blood cells are responsible for clotting of blood?

Platelets Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of lymphocytes?

Generation of antibody-producing terminal cells, killing of virus-infected cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of basophils?

Release of histamine and other inflammation mediators Signup and view all the answers