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Questions and Answers
What does the bony thorax protect?
What does the bony thorax protect?
The heart and lungs
What is another name for the jugular notch?
What is another name for the jugular notch?
- Xiphoid process
- Suprasternal notch (correct)
- Clavicle
- Manubrium
The xiphoid process is a large, upper projection of the sternum.
The xiphoid process is a large, upper projection of the sternum.
False (B)
Which bone connects the sternum to the scapula?
Which bone connects the sternum to the scapula?
Which ribs are directly attached to the sternum from each side?
Which ribs are directly attached to the sternum from each side?
Which ribs have no anterior attachment and are vulnerable to fractures?
Which ribs have no anterior attachment and are vulnerable to fractures?
Thoracic spine vertebrae do not have attachment points for rib connection.
Thoracic spine vertebrae do not have attachment points for rib connection.
What are the three functions of the chest muscles?
What are the three functions of the chest muscles?
What is the function of the pectoralis major?
What is the function of the pectoralis major?
Which intercostal muscles aid in inspiration?
Which intercostal muscles aid in inspiration?
Which intercostal muscles aid in forced expiration?
Which intercostal muscles aid in forced expiration?
What is the primary muscle of respiration?
What is the primary muscle of respiration?
Which nerve innervates the diaphragm?
Which nerve innervates the diaphragm?
What action does contraction of the diaphragm cause?
What action does contraction of the diaphragm cause?
What action does relaxation of the diaphragm cause?
What action does relaxation of the diaphragm cause?
Which muscle protracts the scapula and aids in forced breathing?
Which muscle protracts the scapula and aids in forced breathing?
Which muscles elevate the first two ribs during inspiration?
Which muscles elevate the first two ribs during inspiration?
Which muscle raises the sternum in deep breathing?
Which muscle raises the sternum in deep breathing?
What does the thoracic cavity house?
What does the thoracic cavity house?
Which pleura covers the lungs?
Which pleura covers the lungs?
Which pleura lines the chest wall?
Which pleura lines the chest wall?
What is the space between pleural layers containing pleural fluid called?
What is the space between pleural layers containing pleural fluid called?
What is the term for excess fluid in the pleural cavity?
What is the term for excess fluid in the pleural cavity?
Which nerve controls the diaphragm?
Which nerve controls the diaphragm?
Which nerve provides parasympathetic control of the heart, lungs, and digestive tract?
Which nerve provides parasympathetic control of the heart, lungs, and digestive tract?
Which nerves provide sensory and motor supply to the chest wall?
Which nerves provide sensory and motor supply to the chest wall?
Which nerve mediates the fight-or-flight response?
Which nerve mediates the fight-or-flight response?
Which duct drains lymph from most of the body into the left subclavian vein?
Which duct drains lymph from most of the body into the left subclavian vein?
Which duct drains the right upper body?
Which duct drains the right upper body?
Which lymph nodes drain the lungs?
Which lymph nodes drain the lungs?
Which lymph nodes drain the thoracic organs?
Which lymph nodes drain the thoracic organs?
Name two boarders of the breast location.
Name two boarders of the breast location.
What are the structural components of the breast?
What are the structural components of the breast?
Where does lymphatic drainage from the breast primarily occur?
Where does lymphatic drainage from the breast primarily occur?
Flashcards
Manubrium
Manubrium
The upper part of the sternum, which articulates with the clavicles and first two ribs.
Sternum Body
Sternum Body
The central portion of the sternum, connecting to ribs 2-7 via costal cartilage.
Xiphoid Process
Xiphoid Process
Small, lower projection of the sternum; an important landmark for CPR.
Clavicle (Collarbone)
Clavicle (Collarbone)
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True Ribs
True Ribs
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False Ribs
False Ribs
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Floating Ribs
Floating Ribs
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Thoracic Spine
Thoracic Spine
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Pectoralis Major
Pectoralis Major
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Pectoralis Minor
Pectoralis Minor
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External Intercostals
External Intercostals
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Internal Intercostals
Internal Intercostals
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Diaphragm
Diaphragm
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Serratus Anterior
Serratus Anterior
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Scalene Muscles
Scalene Muscles
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Sternocleidomastoid
Sternocleidomastoid
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Visceral Pleura
Visceral Pleura
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Parietal Pleura
Parietal Pleura
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Pleural Cavity
Pleural Cavity
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Phrenic Nerve
Phrenic Nerve
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Vagus Nerve (CN X)
Vagus Nerve (CN X)
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Intercostal Nerves
Intercostal Nerves
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Thoracic Duct
Thoracic Duct
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Right Lymphatic Duct
Right Lymphatic Duct
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Hilar Lymph Nodes
Hilar Lymph Nodes
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Mediastinal Lymph Nodes
Mediastinal Lymph Nodes
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Axillary Lymph Nodes
Axillary Lymph Nodes
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Pleural Effusion
Pleural Effusion
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Visceral Pleura
Visceral Pleura
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Sympathetic Trunk
Sympathetic Trunk
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Study Notes
- The bony thorax protects the heart and lungs and serves as an attachment point for thoracic muscles.
Sternum (Breastbone)
- The manubrium is the upper part, which articulates with the clavicles and the first two ribs, and features the jugular (suprasternal) notch.
- The body is the central portion, connecting to ribs 2-7 via costal cartilage.
- The xiphoid process is a small, lower projection and an important landmark for CPR.
Clavicle (Collarbone)
- Connects the sternum to the scapula
- Fractures are common, especially in falls.
Ribs
- True ribs (1-7) are directly attached to the sternum from each side.
- False ribs (8-10) are indirectly attached to the sternum via cartilage from each side.
- Floating ribs (11-12) have no anterior attachment and are vulnerable to fractures.
Thoracic Spine Vertebrae (T1-T12)
- Have attachment points for rib connection
- They provide support for the thoracic cavity.
Muscles of the Chest Wall
- Chest muscles are involved in breathing, movement, and protection.
Pectoral Muscles
- Pectoralis major: Responsible for arm adduction, flexion, and medial rotation.
- Pectoralis minor: Stabilizes the scapula.
Intercostal Muscles (Between the Ribs)
- External intercostals aid in inspiration by elevating ribs.
- Internal intercostals aid in forced expiration by depressing ribs.
- Innermost intercostals assist internal intercostals in expiration.
Diaphragm
- Primary muscle of respiration.
- Innervated by the phrenic nerve (C3-C5). "C3, 4, 5 keeps the diaphragm alive!"
- During contraction (inspiration), it flattens downward.
- During relaxation (expiration), it moves upward.
Accessory Muscles of Respiration
- Used in deep or forceful breathing
- Serratus anterior protracts the scapula and aids in forced breathing.
- Scalene muscles elevate the first two ribs during inspiration.
- Sternocleidomastoid raises the sternum in deep breathing.
Thoracic Cavity & Spaces
- The thoracic cavity houses the lungs, heart, major vessels, and lymphatic structures.
Pleura & Pleural Cavity
- Visceral pleura covers the lungs.
- Parietal pleura lines the chest wall.
- The pleural cavity: the space between pleural layers, contains pleural fluid that reduces friction.
- Pleural effusion is excess fluid in the pleural cavity.
Nerves of the Thorax
- Phrenic nerve (C3-C5) controls the diaphragm.
- Vagus nerve (CN X = cranial nerve 10) provides parasympathetic control of the heart, lungs, and digestive tract.
- Intercostal nerves (T1-T11) provide sensory and motor supply to the chest wall.
- Sympathetic trunk enables the fight-or-flight response.
Lymphatic System
- Thoracic duct drains lymph from most of the body into the left subclavian vein.
- Right lymphatic duct drains the right upper body.
- Hilar lymph nodes drain the lungs.
- Mediastinal lymph nodes drain the thoracic organs.
Breast Location & Relations
- Anterior to pectoralis major & minor.
- Extends from ribs 2-6.
- Lies between the sternum and midaxillary line.
- Structural components include the mammary gland, nipple, and areola (pigmented area).
- Lymphatic drainage (breast cancer spread): axillary lymph nodes (most important - 75%).
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Description
Overview of the bony thorax, including the sternum, clavicle, ribs, and thoracic spine vertebrae. The bony thorax protects the heart and lungs and serves as an attachment point for thoracic muscles. Different types of ribs are also discussed.
