The Biosphere

Neutralism suggests that some species might interact but have negligible effects on each other. Coevolution refers to the reciprocal evolutionary changes between species due to their close interactions. ______

Resources that restrict the growth, distribution, abundance, or overall success of a population or organism within an ecosystem. Can be physical, chemical, or biological in nature that varies depending on the species and ecosystem ______

Density-Dependent Factors are also referred to as ______. These are the phenomena that affect the size of a population as a response to its volume. Caused by biological factors.

Density-Independent Factors are the phenomena that affect the size of a population of organisms regardless of their population within an area. Caused by ______ and ______ induced occurrence.

Limits of Tolerance - Boundaries above and below for environmental factors where species cannot grow and survive. Individual organisms have different ways of adapting to changes in the environment. Organisms that have a larger range of tolerance tend to be distributed widely while those that have lower range of tolerance have a more ______ distribution.

Environmental Resistance - A process in which certain different elements or factors stop or inhibit the growth of species uncontrollably. Nature employs certain different factors to regulate the growth of species to minimize the excessive growth of population or ______. This encompasses a wide range of ______ and ______ factors that play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance.

Carrying Capacity - Fundamental concept in environmental science that defines the maximum population size an environment can support without causing degradation or resource depletion. When a population exceeds the carrying capacity of its environment, ______ depletion and environmental degradation can occur, leading to negative impacts on both the population and the ecosystem.

Biotic Potential - Ability of a population of living species to increase under ideal environmental conditions - sufficient food supply, no predators, and a lack of ______.

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of ______.

The fluid filling up the inner space of the chloroplasts is called ______.

The distribution of species within an ecosystem is influenced by ______ factors.

An organism's function within a community is defined by its ______.

Competition occurs when two or more organisms compete for limited ______.

Mutualism is a beneficial interaction where both involved organisms ______.

Parasitism is a type of interaction where one organism benefits at the expense of another organism, known as the ______.

Environmental engineers frequently cooperate with environmental scientists to integrate data into plans that encourage the adoption of cleaner energy, more effective construction practices, and conscious environmentally business operations.

Environmental science is a broad area that integrates approaches and techniques from biology, information science, chemistry, and physics to investigate the environment and its interaction with external influences such as urban expansion and population increase.

By collecting and scrutinizing environmental data, specialists can gauge the health of soil, the suitability and availability of water, and other elements that impact both inhabitants and the ecosystem.

Ecology is the ______ of the relationships between living organisms, including humans, and their physical environment. It seeks to understand the vital connection between plants and animals and the world around them.

The environment encompasses all the factors surrounding us in a particular time and place.

The study of the relationships between living organisms, including humans, and their physical environment. It seeks to understand the vital connection between plants and animals and the world around them.

Environmental science is a broad area that integrates approaches and techniques from biology, information science, chemistry, and physics to investigate the environment and its interaction with external influences such as urban expansion and population increase.

Density-Independent Factors are the phenomena that affect the size of a population of organisms regardless of their population within an area. Caused by ______ and ______ induced occurrence.

Biotic Potential - Ability of a population of living species to increase under ideal environmental conditions - sufficient food supply, no predators, and a lack of ______.

Environmental Resistance - A process in which certain different elements or factors stop or inhibit the growth of species uncontrollably. Nature employs certain different factors to regulate the growth of species to minimize the excessive growth of population or ______. This encompasses a wide range of ______ and ______ factors that play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance.

Neutralism suggests that some species might interact but have negligible effects on each other. Coevolution refers to the reciprocal evolutionary changes between species due to their close interactions. ______

Limits of Tolerance - Boundaries above and below for environmental factors where species cannot grow and survive. Individual organisms have different ways of adapting to changes in the environment. Organisms that have a larger range of tolerance tend to be distributed widely while those that have lower range of tolerance have a more ______ distribution.

Density-Dependent Factors are also referred to as ______. These are the phenomena that affect the size of a population as a response to its volume. Caused by biological factors.

Carrying Capacity - Fundamental concept in environmental science that defines the maximum population size an environment can support without causing degradation or resource depletion. When a population exceeds the carrying capacity of its environment, ______ depletion and environmental degradation can occur, leading to negative impacts on both the population and the ecosystem.

Resources that restrict the growth, distribution, abundance, or overall success of a population or organism within an ecosystem. Can be physical, chemical, or biological in nature that varies depending on the species and ecosystem ______

Ecologists analyze interactions between organisms and habitats spanning various scales, encompassing investigations as diverse as observing bacteria proliferation within an aquarium to unraveling intricate relationships among myriad plant, animal, and other ecosystems thriving within a desert region. Ecologists extend their inquiry across a wide spectrum of environments, dive into the microbial life existing in the soil beneath us, examine flora and fauna within rainforests or oceans, and explore the intricate dynamics of various ecosystems.

Levels of Organization: This refers to the hierarchical arrangement inherent within ecosystems. Strat are systematically ordered to mirror the flux of energy, nutrients, and the interplay between organisms and their surroundings. 1. Individual Organisms - Forms the foundation with unique attributes, behaviors, and adaptations for survival and reproduction 2. Population - A group of same-species individuals in a defined area, interacting amid birth, death, and migration influences. 3. Community - Diverse populations of different species coexist, engaging in interactions, life competition, predation, and mutualism, shaping species diversity. 4. Ecosystem - A more inclusive entity comprising living and non-living elements. - Energy flows through food chinese, while nutrients cycle amid biotic and abiotic components. 5. Biome - Extensive ecological zones marked by shared climate, vegetation, and organisms – encompassing ecosystems, life deserts, tundras, and forests. 6. Biosphere - Pinnacle level, encapsulating all Earth’s ecosystems. - Encompasses interactions between organisms and various components of Earth’s surface, including atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere. LAYERS OF THE EARTH Crust - The outermost layer where life exists. Mantle - Beneath the crust, influencing tectonic processes. Outer Core - Generates the magnetic field. Inner Core - Solid center with high temperatures and pressure. LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE “The Silly Monkeys Twirled Endlessly” Troposphere - Stratosphere - MesosphereThermosphere - Exosphere Troposphere - “Tropos” - Change - Situated closest to the Earth’s surface - Serves as the realm of weather phenomena - Holds the majority of the atmosphere’s water vapor and experiences a temperature decline with increasing altitude. Stratosphere - Positioned above the troposphere - Harbors the ozone layer - Responsible for absorbing and scattering a significant portion of the Sun’s ultraviolet radiation. - Temperature ascent in this layer is attributed to the presence of ozone. Mesosphere - Beyond the stratosphere lies the mesosphere - Temperatures diminish with altitude - Often witnesses the combustion of meteors due to the friction induced by their high-velocity entry. Thermosphere - Encounters exceedingly high temperatures due to the absorption of solar radiation. - The thinness of the air negates the sensation of heat. - Notably, the international space station (ISS) orbits within this stratum Exosphere - Constituting the outermost tier of the atmosphere - Gradually merges into the expanse of space - Comprising extremely sparse gas particles. Extends extensively into space. BIOSPHERE The biosphere is made up the parts of earth where life exists. BIO means LIFE. SPHERE means GLOBE. “The skin of life”. “Zone of Life”. Refers to all life on earth. Life is found within various ecosystem as part of the ecosphere ECOSPHERE Defined as the global ecosystem of planet Earth. Formed by all those organisms present in the biosphere and the relationships that are established between them and the environment.

Biotic Potential - Ability of a population of living species to increase under ideal environmental conditions - sufficient food supply, no predators, and a lack of ______.

Environmental Resistance - A process in which certain different elements or factors stop or inhibit the growth of species uncontrollably. Nature employs certain different factors to regulate the growth of species to minimize the excessive growth of population or ______. This encompasses a wide range of ______ and ______ factors that play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance.

Carrying Capacity - Fundamental concept in environmental science that defines the maximum population size an environment can support without causing degradation or resource depletion. When a population exceeds the carrying capacity of its environment, ______ depletion and environmental degradation can occur, leading to negative impacts on both the population and the ecosystem.

Limits of Tolerance - Boundaries above and below for environmental factors where species cannot grow and survive. Individual organisms have different ways of adapting to changes in the environment. Organisms that have a larger range of tolerance tend to be distributed widely while those that have lower range of tolerance have a more ______ distribution.

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