Thermoregulation in Hindi: Biology Quiz and Flashcards

Study Notes

• When exercising, the body's speed increases, breathing becomes deeper, heart rate accelerates, and sweat appears on the skin.

• Sweat is triggered by several factors, including eating spicy food, nervousness, and illness, but exercise is the most common cause.

• During exercise, muscles increase their activity, requiring more energy, which is produced by cellular respiration that consumes glucose and oxygen to form ATP molecules.

• This process takes place in mitochondria, and as the body moves more, the mitochondria increase their activity to provide energy to the body.

• However, this energy production has a cost, as it generates heat, which is detected by thermoreceptors in the body.

• The thermoreceptors send signals to the hypothalamus, which regulates body temperature, and in response, it sends signals to the sweat glands in the skin.

• The sweat glands, located throughout the body, especially in the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, and head, receive these signals and release a fluid containing high concentrations of sodium and chloride.

• The cells then pump these ions into a hollow tube that passes through the sweat gland, and due to the concentration difference, water flows into the tube through osmosis.

• As the sweat secretion increases, the water pressure pushes the sweat up through the tube, and before it reaches the skin, surrounding cells absorb as much salt as possible to maintain the process.

• The sweat evaporates on the skin, cooling the body, which is a crucial mechanism for temperature regulation.

• This process, known as evaporative cooling, was essential for our ancestors and still benefits us today, not only during exercise but also in other situations.

• Eating spicy food can cause some people to sweat profusely, as it triggers the same neural response that activates thermoreceptors, which respond to temperature increases.

• Sweating is also part of the fight-or-flight response, which is triggered in stressful situations, such as public speaking or job interviews, as adrenaline stimulates muscle activity and increases blood vessel diameter, leading to increased heat and sweating.

• When we are sick, sweating can occur as the hypothalamus increases muscle activity to generate heat and fight off pathogens.

• After exercising or recovering from an illness, the hypothalamus senses the decrease in body temperature and stops the sweat response.

• In some cases, the hypothalamus may also send signals to the body to replenish lost water, leading to feelings of thirst.

Description

Learn how the body regulates its temperature through sweating, and how exercise, spicy food, nervousness, and illness can trigger sweat responses. Discover the role of thermoreceptors, hypothalamus, and sweat glands in this crucial process.