Biopsych Chapter 17

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Questions and Answers

Which system is responsible for the flight or fight response?

Limbic system > HPA axis > Hypothalamus > CRH > anterior pituitary > ACTH > adrenal cortex > cortisol

Hypothalamus > CRH > Anterior pituitary > ACTH > Adrenal Gland > Cortisol

Sympathetic nervous system adrenal medulla system (correct)

Anterior pituitary adrenal cortex system

What is the primary role of the hippocampus?

Regulating learning, memory encoding, and spatial navigation (correct)

Releasing cortisol into circulation

Activating the anterior pituitary adrenal cortex system

Synthesizing corticosteroids

Which hormone is released from the adrenal cortex into circulation in response to stress?

Norepinephrine

Epinephrine

Cortisol (correct)

Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)

What does the HPA axis stand for?

Hippocampus-Pituitary-Adrenal axis Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of interactions between psychological factors, the nervous system, and the immune system called?

Psychoneuroimmunology Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of chronic stress on the hippocampus?

Hinders formation of new neurons and synaptic connections Signup and view all the answers

What is the dual nature of stress response outlined by Hans Selye?

Short term benefits with long term consequences Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of numerous components of stress response?

Adrenal Cortex Signup and view all the answers

What are the experiences inducing a stress response called?

Stressors Signup and view all the answers

What is the physiological response occurring when the body is exposed to harm or threat?

Stress response Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of chronic low level stress on the HPA axis?

Keeps the HPA axis activated for too long, leaving communication between axis and sympathetic nervous system permanently impaired Signup and view all the answers

What are the coping mechanisms for stress mentioned in the text?

Regular exercise, adequate sleep, mindfulness practices, social support Signup and view all the answers

According to modern biopsychological view, what is the inducing stimulus for the emotional response?

The bear Signup and view all the answers

In the context of autonomic nervous system (ANS) research, what is a key finding related to the different theories of emotional response?

Not all emotions lead to the same pattern of ANS reactions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of polygraphy tests?

Measuring ANS activity Signup and view all the answers

What does the guilty-knowledge technique/ concealed information test raise questions about?

Whether the guilty are always afraid Signup and view all the answers

What are stressors in the context of inducing a stress response?

Experiences that induce a stress response Signup and view all the answers

According to the common sense view, what comes first in the sequence of bear, fear, and physiological reaction?

Bear Signup and view all the answers

In the James-Lange theory, what follows the perception of a bear?

Physiological reaction Signup and view all the answers

According to the Cannon-Bard theory, what results from the perception of a bear?

Feeling fear and a physiological reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge associated with the use of polygraphy tests as an interrogation tool?

Difficulty in measuring truthfulness Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of current research on the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)?

The association of ANS with specific emotions Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the modern biopsychological view, what goes in a cycle in either direction?

Perception of bear, physiological reactions, and feeling fear Signup and view all the answers

What does the modern experimental evidence suggest about the relationship between emotional response factors?

Each principal factor in emotional response can trigger the other two somewhere between the James-Lange and Cannon-Bard theories Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Stress Response System

The system responsible for the flight or fight response is the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis.

Hippocampus

The primary role of the hippocampus is to process and consolidate memories.

Adrenal Cortex

The hormone released from the adrenal cortex into circulation in response to stress is cortisol.

HPA Axis

The HPA axis stands for Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis.

Psychoneuroimmunology

The study of interactions between psychological factors, the nervous system, and the immune system is called psychoneuroimmunology.

Effect of Chronic Stress on Hippocampus

Chronic stress can cause a decrease in the volume of the hippocampus.

Hans Selye's Stress Response

Hans Selye outlined the dual nature of stress response, which consists of a general adaptation syndrome and a specific response to a specific stressor.

Primary Source of Stress Response

The primary source of numerous components of stress response is the hypothalamus.

Stressors

Stressors are experiences that induce a stress response.

Physiological Response to Harm

The physiological response occurring when the body is exposed to harm or threat is the stress response.

Effect of Chronic Low-Level Stress on HPA Axis

Chronic low-level stress can lead to dysregulation of the HPA axis.

Coping Mechanisms for Stress

Coping mechanisms for stress mentioned in the text are not specified.

Modern Biopsychological View

According to the modern biopsychological view, the inducing stimulus for the emotional response is the perception of a stimulus.

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Research

A key finding in ANS research is that the autonomic nervous system is involved in the emotional response.

Polygraphy Tests

The primary focus of polygraphy tests is to detect deception.

Guilty-Knowledge Technique

The guilty-knowledge technique, also known as the concealed information test, raises questions about the accuracy of polygraphy tests.

Common Sense View

According to the common sense view, the sequence of events is: bear, fear, and physiological reaction.

James-Lange Theory

In the James-Lange theory, the perception of a bear is followed by a physiological response, which is then followed by the emotion of fear.

Cannon-Bard Theory

According to the Cannon-Bard theory, the perception of a bear results in simultaneous physiological and emotional responses.

Challenges of Polygraphy Tests

The primary challenge associated with the use of polygraphy tests as an interrogation tool is the risk of false positives.

Current Research on ANS

The focus of current research on the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) is on understanding the neural mechanisms underlying emotional responses.

Modern Biopsychological View Cycle

In the modern biopsychological view, the cycle of emotional response, appraisal, and physiological response can occur in either direction.

Relationship between Emotional Response Factors

Modern experimental evidence suggests that emotional response factors, such as cognitive appraisal and physiological response, are interconnected and influence each other.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) with this quiz. Explore the ANS's role in our automatic responses, its association with specific emotions, and the current research focus on ANS. Delve into the effectiveness of ANS measures such as polygraphy and examine different theories, including the common sense view, James-Lange theory, and Cannon-Bard theory.