The Art of Public Speaking Ch. 3, 10, 13 Flashcards

Key Concepts in Listening and Communication

• Hearing: Involves sound wave vibrations affecting eardrums, leading to electrochemical brain responses.
• Listening: The active process of paying close attention and interpreting what is heard.
• Appreciative Listening: Engaging with sounds for enjoyment or pleasure.
• Empathetic Listening: Focused on providing emotional support to the speaker.
• Comprehensive Listening: Aimed at understanding the speaker’s message.
• Critical Listening: Evaluating the message to decide on acceptance or rejection.
• Spare "Brain Time": The gap between the speaking rate (120-180 words/minute) and brain processing speed (400-500 words/minute).

Types of Outlines and Speech Techniques

• Active Listening: Involves full attention to grasp the speaker’s perspective.
• Key-Word Outline: A simplified outline that highlights main points and supporting evidence.
• Rhetorical Question: Engages the audience to think without verbal responses.

Speaker Qualities and Audience Perception

• Credibility: Audience perception of a speaker's qualifications on a topic.
• Goodwill: Audience belief that a speaker has their best interests at heart.
• Preview Statement: Introduces the main points to be covered in a speech.

Structuring Conclusions

• Crescendo Ending: A powerful conclusion that builds in intensity.
• Dissolve Ending: Emotional conclusion that fades gradually to a strong final statement.

Types of Communication and Delivery

• Nonverbal Communication: Expressive technique relying on voice and body language instead of words.
• Manuscript Speech: A speech written out and read verbatim.
• Impromptu Speech: Delivered spontaneously with little preparation.
• Extemporaneous Speech: Well-prepared and practiced using brief notes.
• Conversational Quality: Aiming for a natural sound in delivery, regardless of rehearsal.

Vocal Characteristics

• Volume: Refers to the loudness or softness of the voice.
• Pitch: Indicates how high or low a voice sounds.
• Inflections: Variations in pitch or tone during speech.
• Monotone: Speaking with a constant pitch or tone.
• Rate: The speed at which one speaks.
• Pause: A deliberate break in speech delivery.
• Vocalized Pause: Filler sounds like "uh," "er," or "um" during breaks.

Voice and Speech Production

• Vocal Variety: Dynamic changes in speech rate, pitch, and volume for expressiveness.
• Pronunciation: The standard sound and rhythm of words within a language.
• Articulation: The physical production of speech sounds.
• Dialect: A language variant distinguished by accent, grammar, or vocabulary differences.
• Kinesics: The study of body language as communication.
• Gestures: Hand or arm movements that complement speech.
• Eye Contact: Engaging another person through visual connection.