40 Questions
Which of the following is NOT a factor considered in drug classification?
Source of the drug
What is the official generic name for the drug with the chemical name 'methyl({3-phenyl-3-[4(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propyl})amine'?
Fluoxetine (hydrochloride)
Which of the following is NOT a source of drugs?
Synthetic products of genetic engineering
Which drug was purified from opium in 1805?
Morphine
What was the first antibiotic discovered?
Penicillin
Which of the following is NOT a target of chemotherapy drugs?
Receptors
What is the mechanism of action of amitriptyline?
Inhibition of neuronal reuptake of noradrenaline and serotonin
Which of the following affects drug-receptor binding?
All of the above
What is the main type of bond involved in drug-receptor interactions?
Van der Waals
What is affinity?
The strength of the reversible interaction between a drug and its receptor
Which of the following is the correct definition of pharmacology?
The study of the effect of drugs on the function of living systems
What is the definition of a drug according to Rang and Dale's Pharmacology?
A chemical substance of known structure, other than a nutrient or essential dietary ingredient, which, when administered to a living organism, produces a biological effect
What are drug targets?
Proteins
How are drug effects measured?
Dose response
What is the nature of drug interactions?
Full
Which of the following is the correct equation for the equilibrium constant (Kd) in the context of drug-receptor binding?
Kd = K-1 / K+1
What does Bmax represent in the drug-receptor occupancy curve?
The density of receptors at maximum binding
Which of the following is a correct classification of receptors based on their mechanism of activation?
Ion channels, G-protein coupled receptors, Kinase-linked receptors, Nuclear receptors
What is the association rate constant (K+1) in the context of drug-receptor binding?
The rate at which the drug binds to the receptor
What is the dissociation rate constant (K-1) in the context of drug-receptor binding?
The rate at which the drug-receptor complex dissociates
Which of the following is a characteristic of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs)?
They are single-membrane spanning proteins.
What is the role of GDP in G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) activation?
It is bound to the G-protein when it is inactive.
Which type of receptor is linked to an enzyme and adds or removes phosphate groups to specific amino acid residues?
Kinase-linked receptor
What is the effect of insulin binding to its receptor?
Promotes uptake of glucose from blood into cells for storage.
Which type of receptor affects DNA and alters gene transcription?
Nuclear receptor
Which type of receptor requires lipid soluble ligands to penetrate the membrane?
Nuclear receptor
What is the main function of steroid receptors?
Inhibit transcription of specific genes.
Which of the following is NOT a superfamily of receptors?
Nuclear receptors
Which of the following is a characteristic of kinase-linked receptors?
They are linked to enzymes.
Which of the following is a characteristic of nuclear receptors?
They migrate to the nucleus when ligand binds.
Which of the following is NOT one of the 4 receptor superfamilies mentioned in the text?
Steroid receptors
Which type of ion channels are important in neurotransmission, cardiac conduction, muscle contraction, and secretion?
Both voltage-gated and ligand-gated ion channels
Which type of ion channels open when the cell membrane is depolarized?
Voltage-gated ion channels
Which type of ion channels are blocked by local anesthetics?
Voltage-gated ion channels
Which type of receptors are also called ionotropic receptors?
Ion channels
Which type of receptors are activated by binding of a chemical ligand to a site on the channel molecule?
G-protein-coupled receptors
Which type of receptors are activated by the binding of glutamate, acetylcholine (nicotinic), GABA, and ATP?
G-protein-coupled receptors
Which type of receptors are activated by nicotine and cause enhanced neurotransmitter release in the CNS?
G-protein-coupled receptors
Which class of receptors is the most abundant and composed of seven transmembrane helices?
G-protein-coupled receptors
Which class of receptors activate the production of second messengers such as cAMP, DAG, and IP3?
G-protein-coupled receptors
Test your knowledge on antitoxins and the discovery of synthetic drugs at the University of Galway. Explore the fascinating history of Domagk's discovery and the properties of sulphanilamide and sulphonamides.
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