The 19th Century Transformation of the Philippines

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Questions and Answers

What contributed to the increase in sugar production from 3,000 piculs to nearly 2,000,000 piculs in four decades?

Increased agricultural land

Introduction of steam-powered milling equipment (correct)

Decrease in labor costs

Shift to organic farming methods

Which infrastructural development occurred first in the period described?

Introduction of street cars

Inauguration of the telegraph

Modernization of Manila's water system (correct)

Opening of railroad lines

Which event significantly reduced the Spain-Manila voyage to thirty days?

Discovery of new trade routes

The opening of the Suez Canal (correct)

Establishment of faster postal services

Introduction of steamships

What ideological change did economic prosperity bring to the native beneficiaries?

Aim for equality with the peninsulares Signup and view all the answers

What impact did the development of a moderately functional road system have on society?

Enhanced communication and trade Signup and view all the answers

Which technology had a role in linking the Philippines to the world by 1880?

Development of submarine cables Signup and view all the answers

What societal change was fostered by material progress during this time?

Rise of cosmopolitan attitudes Signup and view all the answers

Which factor powered the liberalism that emerged during this period?

Reduction of the Spain-Manila voyage duration Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributed to the economic re-thinking by liberal Spanish officials during Rizal's time?

The Latin American revolutions Signup and view all the answers

How did the establishment of non-Hispanic commercial houses impact Philippine society?

It diversified the economic landscape Signup and view all the answers

What role did European and American financing play in the Philippine economy during Rizal's time?

It facilitated the emergence of an export economy Signup and view all the answers

Which agricultural group benefited from crop advances given by merchants?

Indio and Chinese-mestizo cultivators Signup and view all the answers

What was one effect of the opening of the ports of Sual, Cebu, Zamboanga, Legaspi, and Tacloban?

It extended trade opportunities beyond the capital Signup and view all the answers

What cultural change accompanied the economic changes in Rizal's time?

A rise in Filipino nationalism and cultural awareness Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the impact of the English occupation during Rizal's time?

It contributed to a national awakening and economic re-thinking Signup and view all the answers

What misconception might people have about the monopoly of trade by non-Spanish houses?

It weakened the Spanish colonial presence in the Philippines Signup and view all the answers

What does the term Filipino originally refer to?

Creoles born in the Philippines Signup and view all the answers

In which period did the term Filipino begin to evolve in its application among the natives?

Last quarter of the 19th century Signup and view all the answers

Which group was least represented in the Filipino community in Spain during the Propaganda Period?

Indios Signup and view all the answers

What significant social change occurred in the 1880s that influenced the self-identification of indios?

Abolition of tribute lists Signup and view all the answers

What does the term de-colonization imply in the context of social conditions for Filipinos today?

The conscious effort for independence and identity Signup and view all the answers

What were the social conditions that demanded from Filipinos a conscious striving for independence?

Cultural assimilation and loss of identity Signup and view all the answers

What does the metamorphosis of the term Filipino signify in relation to material conditions and consciousness?

A reflection of socioeconomic status among the people Signup and view all the answers

Who were the primary individuals that influenced early Filipino nationalism within Spain during the Propaganda Period?

Filipino students and exiles Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Transformation of the Philippines in the 19th Century

Abaca and sugar became major exports due to European and American entrepreneurial activities.
Sugar production increased significantly from 3,000 piculs in the mid-19th century to nearly 2,000,000 piculs in four decades.
Improvements in communication and infrastructure occurred, including a functional road system, railroad lines, steamships, improved postal services, telegraph, and a submarine cable connecting the Philippines to Hong Kong.
Manila's water system was modernised in 1870, streetcars were introduced in 1881, and the metropolitan region gained access to telephones and electric lights.
The reduction of the Spain-Manila voyage to thirty days thanks to the Suez Canal led to the spread of liberal ideas in the Philippines.
Economic prosperity, driven by exports, created a new consciousness among the affluent indios and mestizos, who sought equality with the peninsulares in economic and political terms.

The Emergence of a Filipino Identity

The term "Filipino" initially referred to Spanish creoles born in the Philippines - the Españoles-Filipinos.
Native Filipinos were referred to as indios.
By the last quarter of the 19th century, Hispanized and urbanized indios, Spanish mestizos, and sangley (Chinese) mestizos began to identify as Filipinos.
The abolition of the tribute lists in the 1880s and economic growth contributed to this shift in identity.
Although Filipinos in Spain during the Propaganda period are often assumed to be indios, the Circulo Hispano-Filipino was dominated by creoles and peninsulares.
The Filipino community in Spain during the 1880s consisted of creoles, Spanish mestizos, and sons of urbanized indios and Chinese mestizos.

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Description

This quiz explores the significant changes in the Philippines during the 19th century, focusing on economic, infrastructural, and social transformations. You'll learn about the rise of major exports like abaca and sugar, improvements in communication, and the modernisation of Manila. Test your knowledge on this pivotal period in Philippine history.