19th Century Philippines: Rizal's Context

Jean Jacques Rousseau's famous work was the Social Contract, while John Locke's was ____________.

Thomas Paine is well-known for authoring ____________.

The Bourbon Reforms were implemented by the Spanish Bourbon dynasty, including Kings Philip V, Ferdinand VI, Charles III, and Charles IV. These reforms had a ____________ impact.

The Cadiz Constitution was a political constitution of the Spanish Monarchy established in 1812 by the Cortes of Cadiz. It advocated for ____________.

End of Galleon Trade marked the beginning of Manila as Asia's Trading ______

The Cadiz Constitution promoted the idea of ____________ as a key principle.

The opening of the Suez Canal shortened travel time between Europe & East Asia, encouraging Ilustrados to pursue education ______

The Cadiz Constitution supported the establishment of a ____________ in Spain.

Rise of the Export of Crop Economy in the 19th century Philippines saw the production and export of Sugar, Manila hemp, and ______ to foreign markets

North European & North American merchants provided access to foreign markets while the expanding Chinese population served as agents for distribution & buy-up of ______

March 1, 1782 - Gov.Gen.Jose Basco established the Philippine tobacco ______

Spanish gov't legalized the use of opium in the 1840s and established monopolies for spirituous liquors, betel nut, ______, and explosives

The first formal schools in the 19th century were run by Catholic missionaries and subjects like Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, and Vocational & Practical Arts were taught, along with teaching Latin as the official language of the Catholic Church instead of ______.

In the rise of Chinese Mestizo, enterprising Chinese individuals contributed to the emergence of new Spanish & Chinese Filipino mestizos who became influential financial and educational leaders, particularly in the production of sugar, coffee, and ______.

The rise of Inquilinos introduced a system of tenancy where the right to use land in exchange for rent was established. The inquilinos paid rent to the landlords, who were often Friars and Spanish as ______ landlords.

In the political landscape of the 19th century, liberalism gained momentum and was founded on ideas of freedom and equality, inspired by the ideals of the French Revolution. The battle cry for 'Having Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity' led to the shift from monarchy to a liberal government system based on the principles of ______.

Due to the opening of the Suez Canal, political views of liberal thinkers from Europe entered the Philippines, influencing the country's political landscape and paving the way for the introduction of liberal ideas related to freedom, equality, and ______.

The Laws of the Indies, mandated by King Philip II, required the teaching of locals how to read, write, and learn Spanish. The first formal schools established in the 19th century were parochial schools run by Catholic missionaries such as Augustinians, Franciscans, Jesuits, and Dominicans, which also implemented ______ punishment.