TH1, TH2, TH17, and Cytotoxic T Cells Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of cytotoxic T cells (CD8+ T cells)?

  • To promote local innate defense against pathogens.
  • To directly attack and kill other cells that display the antigen they have been sensitized to. (correct)
  • To coordinate the adaptive immune response by secreting cytokines.
  • To undergo isotype switching and differentiate into plasma cells.

    • Which of the following best describes the function of B cell memory?

  • B cell memory is necessary for isotype switching to occur.
  • B cell memory allows for a rapid and robust antibody response upon re-exposure to the same antigen. (correct)
  • B cell memory is responsible for the non-specific release of antibodies.
  • B cell memory enables the production of large amounts of antibodies as plasma cells.

    • What is the primary role of T helper (TH) cells in the adaptive immune response?

  • TH cells coordinate the adaptive immune response by secreting cytokines. (correct)
  • TH cells undergo isotype switching and differentiate into plasma cells.
  • TH cells directly attack and kill cells displaying the antigen they recognize.
  • TH cells promote local innate defense against pathogens.

    • What is the difference between active and passive immunity?

    <p>Active immunity involves the production of antibodies or T cells after exposure to an antigen, while passive immunity involves the transfer of preformed antibodies or T cells from a donor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between T helper (TH) cells and B cells?

    <p>TH cells coordinate the activation and differentiation of B cells through co-stimulation and cytokine signaling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do cytokines characteristic of TH1 and TH2 cells differ in their effects on the immune response?

    <p>TH1 cytokines indirectly promote inflammation, while TH2 cytokines directly attack and kill other cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hypersensitivity reaction involves the production of IgG antibodies that bind to modified cells and make them susceptible to destruction?

    <p>Type II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by the deposition of immune complexes and the activation of inflammatory cells and the complement cascade?

    <p>Type III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of T helper cells produce cytokines that recruit and activate eosinophils, leading to their degranulation and tissue injury?

    <p>TH2 cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of TH1 cells?

    <p>Inducing macrophage differentiation in bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of T cells recognize soluble antigens and release IFN-γ to activate macrophages, causing tissue injury?

    <p>TH1 cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokines are produced by TH2 cells?

    <p>IL-4 and IL-5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Tfh cells in the immune response?

    <p>Helping B cell switching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immune cells are responsible for direct cytotoxicity in Type IV hypersensitivity reactions?

    <p>CD8+ T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of T cell is associated with CD8+ coreceptor molecules?

    <p>Cytotoxic T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of B cells in the immune system?

    <p>Producing antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of shock is associated with third spacing of fluids?

    <p>Hypovolaemic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Curling ulcers are most commonly associated with which condition?

    <p>Burns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of risk is associated with cancer, according to the text?

    <p>Risk of cardiac arrhythmia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for SCC that arises from non-healing wounds, such as burns?

    <p>Marjolin ulcer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In electrical burns, what is a common offending agent-related complication?

    <p>Arrhythmia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential risk associated with frictional injuries?

    <p>Risk of TBI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification of burn involves healing that can take several months with long-term scarring?

    <p>2nd degree deep partial-thickness burn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inadequate end organ perfusion can lead to which of the following conditions?

    <p>Acute kidney injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern when discussing the 'shocked state' according to the text?

    <p>Curling ulcer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Post-burn hypermetabolism" is a complication typically seen in which type of burn?

    <p>3rd degree burn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of risk mentioned in the text?

    <p>Frictional - risk of Curling ulcer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is primarily associated with inhalation injury, as discussed in the text?

    <p>Increased work of breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a consequence of thermal burns with a high total body surface area (TBSA) involvement?

    <p>Massive inflammatory response leading to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of hypovolaemic shock in patients with extensive burns?

    <p>Increased vascular permeability leading to fluid loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for compartment syndrome in patients with circumferential burns?

    <p>Formation of eschars (dried, necrotic skin tissue)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of shock is associated with radiation burns?

    <p>Radiation poisoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a consequence of the postburn hypermetabolic state?

    <p>Significant weight loss and muscle wasting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which zone of burn injury is characterized by coagulative necrosis and is considered irreversible?

    <p>Zone of coagulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of shock is characterized by a decrease in systemic vascular resistance?

    <p>Distributive shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of cardiogenic shock?

    <p>Myocardial infarction (heart attack)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom of hypovolemic shock?

    <p>Dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of shock is characterized by a critical reduction in blood flow, leading to cellular dysfunction?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of shock is associated with third spacing of fluids?

    <p>Septic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for hypovolemic shock?

    <p>Fluid resuscitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of septic shock?

    <p>Fever and chills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of shock is commonly associated with widespread inflammation and organ damage?

    <p>Septic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of treatment for hypovolemic shock?

    <p>Providing fluid resuscitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of shock involves addressing the underlying cause and often using vasopressors for treatment?

    <p>Hypovolemic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes distributive shock from other types of shock?

    <p>Widespread inflammation and organ damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of mismanaged fluid resuscitation?

    <p>Hyperkalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of shock is characterized by obstructed blood flow leading to decreased cardiac output?

    <p>Cardiogenic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of solution is commonly used for fluid resuscitation to improve organ perfusion?

    <p>Isotonic crystalloid solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of shock does inadequate cardiac function lead to systemic hypoperfusion?

    <p>Cardiogenic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential complication of fluid resuscitation in the context of hemorrhagic shock?

    <p>Compartment syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of fluid resuscitation in the context of cardiogenic shock?

    <p>Improve organ perfusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of obstructive shock?

    <p>An obstruction in the blood vessels, preventing adequate circulation of blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions can lead to cardiogenic shock?

    <p>Myocardial infarction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of obstructive shock that may be observed?

    <p>Cool extremities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential treatment approach for obstructive shock?

    <p>Fluid resuscitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of cardiogenic shock that may be observed?

    <p>Shortness of breath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of shock is most likely to require fluid resuscitation as part of the treatment approach?

    <p>Hypovolemic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

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