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Th1 Development: Antigen-induced TCR Signaling and Cytokines

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Th1 Development: Antigen-induced TCR Signaling and Cytokines

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Questions and Answers

What cytokines are required for the development of Th1 cells?

IL-4 and TGF-β

IL-12 and IFN-γ (correct)

IL-1 and IL-6

IL-23 and TGF-β

What is the primary function of IFN-γ in the immune response?

Inhibits the development of Th1 cells

Induces the production of IL-23

Activates macrophages and promotes Th1 development (correct)

Promotes the development of Th2 cells

Which transcription factor is induced by IL-4 and is important for Th2 cell development?

Stat6

T-bet

GATA-3 (correct)

Stat4

Which cell type is responsible for producing IL-4, the key cytokine for Th2 development?

Mast cells, tissue cells, and T cells Signup and view all the answers

What are the main microbial components that trigger the development of Th17 cells?

Fungal glycans and bacterial peptidoglycans/lipopeptides Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokines are involved in the differentiation of Th17 cells?

IL-1, IL-6, IL-23, and TGF-β Signup and view all the answers

Which transcription factor is required for the differentiation of Th17 cells?

RORγT Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a key step in the development and function of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes?

Requiring help from CD4+ T cells for differentiation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of the class I-associated peptides recognized by CD8+ CTLs?

Cytosolic proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a requirement for the differentiation of naive CD8+ T cells into functional CTLs and memory cells?

Help from CD4+ T cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following molecules is involved in the killing of infected cells by CD8+ CTLs?

Granule proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the TCR-MHC binding in the context of Th17 development?

It is required for the expression of RORγT Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokines are released during Th2 cell activation?

IL-4 and IL-5 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Th2 cells in parasitic infections?

Help B lymphocytes secrete antibodies to coat parasites Signup and view all the answers

What determines the outcome of an infection based on the relative activation of Th1 and Th2 cells?

If Th1 dominates, it leads to recovery; if Th2 dominates, it leads to a destructive infection. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Th17 cells?

Stimulate the recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes, inducing inflammation Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokines are released by Th17 cells?

IL-17 and IL-22 Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of IL-22 released by Th17 cells?

Helps in the increased barrier integrity of epithelial barriers Signup and view all the answers