18 Questions
What cytokines are required for the development of Th1 cells?
IL-12 and IFN-γ
What is the primary function of IFN-γ in the immune response?
Activates macrophages and promotes Th1 development
Which transcription factor is induced by IL-4 and is important for Th2 cell development?
GATA-3
Which cell type is responsible for producing IL-4, the key cytokine for Th2 development?
Mast cells, tissue cells, and T cells
What are the main microbial components that trigger the development of Th17 cells?
Fungal glycans and bacterial peptidoglycans/lipopeptides
Which cytokines are involved in the differentiation of Th17 cells?
IL-1, IL-6, IL-23, and TGF-β
Which transcription factor is required for the differentiation of Th17 cells?
RORγT
Which of the following is not a key step in the development and function of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes?
Requiring help from CD4+ T cells for differentiation
What is the primary source of the class I-associated peptides recognized by CD8+ CTLs?
Cytosolic proteins
Which of the following is not a requirement for the differentiation of naive CD8+ T cells into functional CTLs and memory cells?
Help from CD4+ T cells
Which of the following molecules is involved in the killing of infected cells by CD8+ CTLs?
Granule proteins
What is the role of the TCR-MHC binding in the context of Th17 development?
It is required for the expression of RORγT
Which cytokines are released during Th2 cell activation?
IL-4 and IL-5
What is the primary function of Th2 cells in parasitic infections?
Help B lymphocytes secrete antibodies to coat parasites
What determines the outcome of an infection based on the relative activation of Th1 and Th2 cells?
If Th1 dominates, it leads to recovery; if Th2 dominates, it leads to a destructive infection.
What is the primary function of Th17 cells?
Stimulate the recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes, inducing inflammation
Which cytokines are released by Th17 cells?
IL-17 and IL-22
What is the role of IL-22 released by Th17 cells?
Helps in the increased barrier integrity of epithelial barriers
Explore the process of Th1 development driven by a combination of antigen-induced T cell receptor signaling, the cytokines IL-12, and IFN-γ. Discover how IFN-γ activates macrophages, inhibits the development of Th2 and Th17 cells, and plays a crucial role in responding to intracellular bacteria and viruses.
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