DNA
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Questions and Answers

What component of a nucleotide is responsible for its negative charge?

  • Hydrogen bonds
  • Nitrogen-containing base
  • Pentose sugar
  • Phosphate group (correct)

Which nitrogen base is found in RNA but not in DNA?

  • Thymine
  • Uracil (correct)
  • Cytosine
  • Adenine

What is the primary role of ATP in cells?

  • Regulate cell division
  • Facilitate protein synthesis
  • Act as an energy currency (correct)
  • Store genetic information

In the formation of polynucleotide chains, what type of bond connects the nucleotides?

<p>Phosphodiester bond (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase do polynucleotides form in DNA and RNA?

<p>Interphase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the two polynucleotide strands of DNA oriented relative to each other?

<p>Anti-parallel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process occurs during the hydrolysis of ATP?

<p>Release of energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of chemical reaction links the components of a nucleotide?

<p>Condensation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the backbone structure of DNA composed of?

<p>Sugar and phosphate groups (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct pairing of nitrogenous bases in DNA?

<p>Adenine - Thymine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond holds the two strands of DNA together?

<p>Hydrogen bonds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which base pairs with thymine in DNA?

<p>Adenine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the sugar-phosphate backbone in DNA?

<p>To provide structural stability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the stability of DNA important?

<p>It ensures genetic information remains unchanged (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During DNA replication, what is the role of DNA helicase?

<p>To unwind the double helix (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of replication produces two identical DNA molecules?

<p>Semi-conservative replication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester bonds during replication?

<p>DNA ligase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do complementary base pairs contribute to the fidelity of DNA replication?

<p>They ensure specific pairing, reducing mistakes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structural feature protects DNA from enzymes?

<p>Double helix structure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the strands of DNA during the unwinding process in replication?

<p>They separate into single strands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Nucleic acids

Polymers made of nucleotides linked by phosphodiester bonds.

Nucleotide Components

Phosphate group, pentose sugar (deoxyribose/ribose), and nitrogenous base.

Nitrogenous bases

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine (DNA) or Uracil (RNA).

Phosphodiester bond

A bond that joins nucleotides together in a nucleic acid chain.

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ATP

Adenosine triphosphate; a universal energy carrier in cells.

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ATP hydrolysis

Breaking down ATP into ADP to release energy.

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DNA structure

Two anti-parallel polynucleotide strands held together by hydrogen bonds between bases.

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Antiparallel strands

DNA strands running in opposite directions (3' to 5' and 5' to 3').

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Hydrogen bonds

Weak bonds holding the two DNA strands together.

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Polynucleotide formation

Nucleotides linked together by phosphodiester bonds in interphase to form a polynucleotide strand.

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Complementary Base Pairing

Adenine pairs with Thymine (A=T), and Guanine pairs with Cytosine (G≡C).

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DNA Double Helix

A twisted ladder-like structure formed by two strands of DNA.

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Hydrogen Bonds in DNA

Weak bonds holding the two DNA strands together.

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DNA Replication

The process of making an identical copy of a DNA molecule.

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Semi-conservative Replication

Each new DNA molecule has one original and one new strand.

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DNA Helicase

Enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix.

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DNA Polymerase

Enzyme that adds nucleotides to the new DNA strand.

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DNA Ligase

Enzyme that joins Okazaki fragments.

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Genetic Stability

Maintaining the DNA sequence without changes.

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S phase of cell cycle

The stage of the cell cycle where DNA replication occurs.

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