Exam 3 practice

What is the A1C value that indicates diabetes mellitus?

What fasting plasma glucose value is indicative of diabetes mellitus?

What complication can develop from insulin therapy related to subcutaneous fat accumulation?

Which type of drug can intensify the hypoglycemic effects of insulin?

How do beta blockers affect insulin-related responses?

What other therapeutic uses, besides diabetes mellitus, does the text mention for insulin?

What is the primary role of exercise in the treatment of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus?

What is the recommended duration of moderate-intensity exercise per week for individuals with diabetes?

Which medication can be given to decrease the risk of diabetic nephropathy?

What is the goal blood pressure for individuals with diabetes?

What are the primary goals for blood glucose levels before meals and at bedtime for patients on insulin therapy?

When considering the '4-step approach' to diabetes management, what is the decision process for selecting a second drug in Step 2?

What is the primary function of metformin in the treatment of diabetes?

What are the common side effects associated with metformin use?

'Glargine' insulin has a duration of action up to how many hours?

'Neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH)' insulin falls under which category of insulin based on duration?

What is the purpose of SERMS like Duavee?

When is estrogen therapy alone indicated?

What are the benefits of hormone replacement therapy (HRT)?

What are three approved indications for estrogen/progesterone replacement therapy?

Which method is a nonpharmacologic form of contraception?

What is the mechanism of action of oral contraceptives?

Which generation of progestin includes levonorgestrel and norgestrel?

What are some adverse effects of combination oral contraceptives?

What are the unique properties of Beyaz and Safyral?

What is the purpose of Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMS) like Duavee?

What is the recommended starting dosage of levothyroxine for elderly patients with coronary artery disease (CAD)?

What is the primary effect of Liotrix?

Which drug is primarily used in hyperthyroidism for the preparation of thyroid gland surgery?

What are the primary metabolic effects of estrogen?

What is the primary indication for Radioactive Iodine 131 (lugol solution) in thyroid conditions?

How does the dosage of levothyroxine differ for obese individuals?

What is the primary adverse effect associated with Propylthiouracil usage?

What are the potential side effects of Radioactive Iodine 131 (lugol solution) treatment?

What does Propylthiouracil primarily inhibit in the body?

What is the key advantage of Radioactive Iodine 131 (lugol solution) over thyroid surgery?

What are the indications of prostaglandins?

What are the therapeutic uses of testosterone?

What is the primary teratogenic effect mentioned in the text?

How is NuvaRing used according to the text?

What drug combination is used for medical abortion as discussed in the text?

What are the adverse effects of Testosterone mentioned in the text?

Which medication reduces the risk for fetal neural tube defects as per the text?

What is the primary drawback associated with progestin-only contraceptives according to the text?

Which second-generation antihistamine offers the best combination of efficacy and safety?

What is a common side effect associated with Levocetirizine?

Which antihistamine should be avoided in patients with significant hepatic and renal impairment?

Which antihistamine is generally well-tolerated for seasonal allergic rhinitis?

Which antihistamine should not be taken with fruit juice?

Which nonopioid antitussive is structurally similar to local anesthetics tetracaine and procaine?

"Omalizumab" is a monoclonal antibody directed against which immunoglobulin that plays a central role in the allergic release of inflammatory mediators?

"Montelukast" benefits derive from its mechanism of action involving blocking the binding of what to their receptors?

What is a potential side effect of anabolic steroids related to lipids?

Which drug class can cause life-threatening hypotension when combined with nitrates?

What is the mechanism of action of alpha1-adrenergic antagonists in treating benign prostatic hyperplasia?

Which drug can cause abnormal ejaculation among the alpha1-adrenergic antagonists?

What is the main effect of activating H2 receptors?

Which class of drugs is known to block histamine actions at H1 receptors but not at H2 receptors?

What is a potential severe side effect associated with phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors?

What are the side effects specifically mentioned for Tamsulosin [Flomax] and Alfuzosin [Uroxatral]?

What might be a potential drug interaction concern for patients taking Alpha1-adrenergic antagonists?

What is a common adverse effect associated with H1 antagonists according to the given text?

How does cimetidine affect insulin release?

What is the primary MOA of Meglitinides (Repaglinide and Nateglinide)?

Which race are Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (Acarbose or Miglitol) more effective in?

What is the mechanism of DPP-4 inhibitors (gliptins)?

How does colesevelam work in the treatment of diabetes mellitus?

What adverse effect can occur with GLP-1 receptor agonists (incretin mimetics)?

What is the treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?

When does hyperosmolar hyperglycemia state (HHS) most frequently occur?

Why is normal thyroid function important in the first trimester of pregnancy?

How should Levothyroxine (T4) be taken?

What is the goal of exacerbation management in asthma?

In asthma treatment, which step is chosen for initial therapy based on the severity of asthma?

What important factor influences the decision to move up or down a step in asthma therapy?

What is an important measure in managing both COPD and asthma?

Which FEV1/FVC ratio indicates COPD?

What is the treatment for Stage I (Mild) COPD?

What is the pathophysiological difference between asthma and COPD?

Why should cold remedies be avoided for respiratory conditions?

What are the primary anti-inflammatory agents used in asthma treatment?

Which age group is recommended to use inhaled mucolytics according to guidelines?

What is the main contribution of nebulizers in delivering inhaled treatments?

What adverse effect is specifically associated with the use of glucocorticoids in asthma treatment?

Which of the following is a potential adverse effect associated with Cromolyn use?

For which condition is Omalizumab indicated according to the text?

Which drug class is Ipratropium a part of?

What is the primary purpose of SABA medications like Albuterol?

Which of the following is a common side effect associated with Theophylline use?

What is a key characteristic of LABA medications like Salmeterol according to the text?

Which drug is NOT approved for use in asthma but is commonly used for maintenance therapy in COPD?

What is a potential adverse effect associated with the use of Anticholinergic drugs like Tiotropium?

In what condition should Aclidinium be used according to the text?

What is the primary adverse effect associated with Monoclonal Antibody Omalizumab?

Which drug blocks neurokinin1-type receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)?

What is the primary benefit of using lorazepam in combination regimens to suppress chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV)?

What is the main concern associated with haloperidol and droperidol use?

In which patients is metoclopramide commonly used to block dopamine receptors in the CTZ?

Which drug related to marijuana is used in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV)?

What occurs before drugs are given in the context of nausea?

How is motion sickness managed?

Which drug is considered a bulk forming agent for the management of diarrhea?

What is the primary mechanism of action of opioids in managing diarrhea?

In managing Crohn disease, which antibiotic may be used for symptom control?

Which drug class is most effective against acute episodes of mild to moderate ulcerative colitis?

What is the role of immunomodulators in managing Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis?

For which condition is Loperamide specifically used?

Which drug can be used to treat osteoporosis by inhibiting tubular resorption of calcium and increasing calcium excretion?

What is a common adverse effect associated with the use of Alendronate for osteoporosis treatment?

Which drug is a receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) used for the treatment of osteoporosis?

What characteristic differentiates Teriparatide from other osteoporosis treatments mentioned in the text?

Which drug can be dosed yearly and is specifically used for Paget disease of bone?

Which medication is a calcimimetic drug used for primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism?

What is a significant adverse effect associated with Denosumab therapy for osteoporosis?

What is the primary mechanism of action of spironolactone in the treatment of acne?

Which topical treatment is specifically used for psoriasis due to its anti-inflammatory effects and is applied 2-3 times a day for a limited duration?

Which drug used for hair loss treatment regulates cell differentiation and proliferation and suppresses lymphocyte activity when applied to psoriatic lesions twice daily?

Which drug is NOT used in the treatment of Actinic Keratosis (AK)?

What is the primary difference between antiperspirants and deodorants?

What is the primary organism that causes seborrheic dermatitis, and what topical treatment is commonly used for it?

'Vaniqua' is primarily used for which purpose?

'Anthralin' is known for which effect when applied to psoriatic lesions?

'Tars' are used in psoriasis treatment for their effect on the condition by:

'Imiquimod', 'Podofilox', and 'Kunecatechins' are topical treatments primarily used for:

What is the role of Vitamin D in the body?

Which cells are responsible for depositing new bone in the body?

Which condition is associated with Vitamin D deficiency in children?

What is the primary treatment for hypoparathyroidism?

Which factor regulates calcium absorption in the small intestine?

What percentage of trabecular bone is replaced each year?

What is the primary role of osteoclasts in bone metabolism?

What lab test is commonly done to check for Vitamin D levels?

What are the three factors that regulate calcium in the body?

What is the drug of choice for the treatment of anemia?

Which condition is Palifermin indicated for?

What is the irreversible side effect of long-term high dose therapy with Reglan?

What is the primary cause of increased iron demand in pregnancy?

Which vitamin deficiency can result from impaired absorption, celiac disease, and regional enteritis?

What is the nondrug treatment for acne mentioned in the text?

Which formulation has the highest medication absorption?

What are the local adverse effects of topical glucocorticoids?