Testing Scientific Theories Book Overview
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Questions and Answers

In scientific antirealism, why must unobservable concepts like electrons and genes present undeniable physical evidence?

  • To be accepted as real. (correct)
  • To be considered true.
  • To adhere to specific structures.
  • To ensure conformity with naive realism.

What is the essence of science according to the text?

  • Everything presented is factual.
  • Theories have to be tested for confirmation. (correct)
  • Unobservable concepts cannot be verified.
  • Only observable concepts are real.

Which epistemic view of science believes that the Universe, including unobservable concepts, is real regardless of how it is represented?

  • Scientific Realism (correct)
  • Bayesian Confirmation Theory
  • Deductive Reasoning
  • Epistemological Anarchism

What does entity realism state about existence?

<p>Existence is proven by the development of tools. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does scientific antirealism view unobservable concepts in science?

<p>As inherently unverified (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to constructive empiricism, what does science aim to provide?

<p>A true story of the Universe based only on observable aspects (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of scientific theories according to instrumentalism?

<p>To serve as instruments for solving problems and making predictions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key argument put forth by social constructivism regarding scientific knowledge?

<p>Every aspect of scientific knowledge is a result of collective observations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can reductionism be understood in terms of scientific theories?

<p>As a thesis about ontologies, laws, theories, or linguistic expressions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why has theoretical pluralism been criticized in the context of science?

<p>It hinders the examination of inter-theoretic relations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of the controversial topic surrounding the unity or disunity of science?

<p>Whether science is a unified or fragmented discipline (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Karl Popper, what is the main issue with concluding something to be true even before testing it?

<p>It leads to irrelevant hypotheses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which philosopher proposed the Bayesian Confirmation Theory that provides numerical support to hypotheses?

<p>Rev. Thomas Bayes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of Deductive Reasoning according to Karl Popper?

<p>It solidifies the existence of hypotheses without testing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method emphasizes the importance of quantitative data and rigorous experimentation in determining conclusions?

<p>Hypothetico-deductive method (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Paul Feyerabend, why does he advocate for Epistemological Anarchism?

<p>It allows for flexibility in scientific approaches. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Karl Popper suggest happens when an experiment's outcome is falsified?

<p>The hypothesis is also false. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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