Scientific Theories and Hypotheses Quiz

Questions and Answers

What would Genaris and her classmates most likely do to test the idea of other factors affecting the volume of a gas?

They would formulate a new hypothesis that has the independent and dependent variables of the original hypothesis switched.

They would formulate a new hypothesis with a different independent and dependent variable as the original hypothesis.

They would formulate a new hypothesis with the same dependent variable but a different independent variable as the original hypothesis. (correct)

They would formulate a new hypothesis with the same independent variable but a different dependent variable as the original hypothesis.

What is shown about scientific theories by the shift in belief from spontaneous generation to other observations?

Theories are not useful.

Theories change over time. (correct)

Theories usually are false.

Theories can be completely proven.

What most likely led to the change from the static universe theory to the expanding universe theory?

Scientists' assumptions that all things, including the universe, must grow and change.

The use of newly invented telescopes to make more accurate observations of far-off stars. (correct)

The use of Einstein's ideas about matter and energy to develop nuclear power plants and weapons.

New inquiries into the field of quantum physics.

Testable hypotheses that lead to experiments usually describe a relationship between:

Two measurable variables. Signup and view all the answers

Which statements describe scientific laws but not theories or hypotheses? (Select all that apply)

They do not provide explanations for why they are true. Signup and view all the answers

Which best describes why Kepler's observation of planetary motion is a law instead of a theory?

It does not provide an explanation for why the relationship exists between distance and orbit time. Signup and view all the answers

A(n) ______ is an explanation that unites the findings of many experiments.

theory Signup and view all the answers

The decline of scientists' acceptance of the 'blank slate' idea is an example of how a(n) [blank] can change to better fit evidence.

Theory Signup and view all the answers

What is the dependent variable in Alexis's hypothesis about floating objects?

The height at which the object floats. Signup and view all the answers

What is a difference between a law and a hypothesis?

A hypothesis includes an explanation for why two variables affect each other, but a law only describes how they affect each other. Signup and view all the answers

Which best describes Einstein's new explanation of light and gravity?

Einstein created a new theory, because his explanation of the interaction between light and gravity provided unity amongst many facts. Signup and view all the answers

Which best describes Hooke's equation?

It is a law, because it states how force relates to a spring but does not explain why. Signup and view all the answers

What will Gerry and Lena test in their experiments involving nanotechnology?

hypothesis Signup and view all the answers

Which statements correctly describe theories? (Select all that apply)

Theories can be changed when new fields of scientific study develop. Signup and view all the answers

What is most likely the relationship between Mendel's rules of genetics and Darwin's idea of biological evolution?

Mendel's genetics states laws that are now part of the theory of biological evolution. Signup and view all the answers

How are hypotheses and theories related to each other?

A wide range of hypotheses is used to create a theory. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hypotheses and Testing

A hypothesis is a testable prediction about the relationship between independent and dependent variables, such as the effect of temperature on gas volume.
To explore other factors affecting gas volume, students would modify hypotheses with different independent or dependent variables.

Theories and Scientific Change

"Spontaneous generation" was a long-held theory explaining sudden life appearances until scientific experiments revealed the role of microorganisms.
Scientific theories evolve over time as new evidence is discovered; they are subject to change, unlike laws, which are consistent descriptions of observed phenomena.

Theories of the Universe

The transition from the static universe to the expanding universe theory was influenced by improved astronomy and observational technology, leading to the "big bang" understanding.

Relationship between Measurable Variables

Testable hypotheses specifically describe relationships between two measurable variables, while scientific laws describe proven relationships without offering explanations.

Characteristics of Scientific Laws

Scientific laws declare established facts that do not provide reasoning for their validity, unlike theories, which require explanation.
Laws serve as fundamental guides for experiments and understanding natural phenomena.

Kepler's Law of Planetary Motion

Kepler's observations led to the formation of a law describing planetary motion based on distance from the sun without explaining the reasons behind it.

Theories as Explanations

A scientific theory integrates findings from multiple experiments and can adapt as new evidence emerges, demonstrating its flexibility and ongoing relevance.

Influence of Genetics on Behavior

The "blank slate" theory of the brain has evolved with advancements in genetics, highlighting that behavior is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.

Dependent Variables

A new hypothesis regarding floating objects identifies the height at which they float as the dependent variable, linking it to changing surface area.

Differences Between Laws and Hypotheses

Laws are descriptive and do not involve explanations, whereas hypotheses provide potential explanations for observed phenomena.

Einstein's Redefinition of Gravity

Einstein's theory unified the understanding of gravity, demonstrating its effects on both mass and light, and thus providing a comprehensive framework for modern physics.

Hooke's Law

Hooke's Law quantifies the relation between force and spring displacement, categorizing it as a law due to its description of observed relationships without further explanation.

Application of the Scientific Method

Modern research in nanotechnology follows the scientific method, focusing on the testing of hypotheses to reveal relationships between variables.

Evolution of Theories

Theories adapt and expand over time, incorporating new evidence and potentially merging with new scientific fields to remain relevant.

Mendel and Darwin's Theories

Mendel's laws of genetics are foundational to the theory of biological evolution, showing that genetic principles enhance the understanding of evolution.

Relationship Between Hypotheses and Theories

Numerous hypotheses contribute to the development of a comprehensive theory, showcasing the evolution of scientific understanding through various testable predictions.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on scientific hypotheses, theories, and their evolution over time. This quiz covers various concepts like spontaneous generation, the expanding universe theory, and the relationship between variables. Perfect for students studying science concepts and experimentation.