Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the rete testis in male reproductive health?
What is the primary function of the rete testis in male reproductive health?
How does testicular microlithiasis typically appear on a sonogram?
How does testicular microlithiasis typically appear on a sonogram?
Which tumor type is associated with elevated levels of human chorionic gonadotropin?
Which tumor type is associated with elevated levels of human chorionic gonadotropin?
What is a key characteristic of embryonal cell carcinoma compared to seminomas?
What is a key characteristic of embryonal cell carcinoma compared to seminomas?
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How is a hydrocele different from a pyocele?
How is a hydrocele different from a pyocele?
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What condition describes a testis that has not descended into the scrotum?
What condition describes a testis that has not descended into the scrotum?
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What are the implications of polyorchidism for male reproductive health?
What are the implications of polyorchidism for male reproductive health?
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What type of testicular tumor is most common in men older than 60 years?
What type of testicular tumor is most common in men older than 60 years?
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What surgical procedure is performed to treat an undescended testicle?
What surgical procedure is performed to treat an undescended testicle?
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What structure is primarily responsible for the drainage of blood from the scrotum?
What structure is primarily responsible for the drainage of blood from the scrotum?
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Which condition is caused by abnormal mobility of the testis within the scrotum?
Which condition is caused by abnormal mobility of the testis within the scrotum?
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Which of the following is a common sonographic finding associated with scrotal rupture?
Which of the following is a common sonographic finding associated with scrotal rupture?
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What is the most common cause of varicoceles?
What is the most common cause of varicoceles?
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Which type of cyst is most commonly associated with the testis?
Which type of cyst is most commonly associated with the testis?
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What term describes the collection of pus in the tunica vaginalis?
What term describes the collection of pus in the tunica vaginalis?
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What is the typical size of the epididymis?
What is the typical size of the epididymis?
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Which condition arises from the extravasation of spermatozoa and leads to a chronic inflammatory reaction?
Which condition arises from the extravasation of spermatozoa and leads to a chronic inflammatory reaction?
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Flashcards
Testes
Testes
Symmetric, oval-shaped glands located in the scrotum.
Sonographic appearance of testes
Sonographic appearance of testes
Testes appear as smooth, medium-gray structures with fine echotexture.
Epididymis
Epididymis
A 6-to 7-cm tubular structure running posterior to the testis.
Scrotal rupture
Scrotal rupture
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Epididymo-orchitis
Epididymo-orchitis
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Varicocele
Varicocele
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Hydrocele
Hydrocele
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Sperm granulomas
Sperm granulomas
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Rete Testis
Rete Testis
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Tubular Ectasia
Tubular Ectasia
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Testicular Microlithiasis
Testicular Microlithiasis
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Germ Cell Tumors
Germ Cell Tumors
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Seminomas
Seminomas
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Embryonal Cell Carcinoma
Embryonal Cell Carcinoma
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Malignant Lymphoma
Malignant Lymphoma
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Cryptorchidism
Cryptorchidism
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Orchiopexy
Orchiopexy
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Study Notes
Testicular Anatomy and Sonographic Findings
- Testes are symmetrical, oval-shaped glands in the scrotum; appear smooth, medium gray with fine echotexture sonographically.
- Epididymis is a 6-7 cm tubular structure, superior then posterolateral to the testis.
- Testicular arteries arise from abdominal aorta below renal arteries (both sides); venous drainage via pampiniform plexus veins.
- Scrotal rupture shows altered testicular parenchyma, tunica albuginea interruption, irregular contour, scrotal wall thickening, and hematocele.
Scrotal Conditions
- Epididymo-orchitis: Infection of epididymis and testis, often from lower urinary tract infection spreading via spermatic cord.
- Torsion: Abnormal testicular mobility within scrotum; most commonly caused by "bell clapper" deformity.
- Cysts: Benign fluid collections, usually extratesticular; Varicocele is dilated pampiniform plexus veins, usually due to incompetent valves.
- Hernias: Bowel, omentum, or other structures herniating into scrotum.
- Fluid Collections: Potential space between visceral/parietal tunica vaginalis layers for hydrocele, pyocele, hematocele formation.
- Hydrocele: Serous fluid; most common cause of painless swelling; often idiopathic or associated with epididymo-orchitis/torsion.
- Pyocele: Pus collection due to untreated infection or abscess rupture.
- Sperm Granulomas: Chronic inflammation from extravasated spermatozoa, frequently after vasectomy.
Rete Testis and Testicular Tumors
- Rete Testis: Located at testicular hilum (mediastinum); tubular ectasia is uncommon, benign condition often associated with spermatocele or other epididymal obstruction.
- Testicular Microlithiasis: Multiple bright, nonshadowing foci scattered throughout testis.
- Tumor Types: Extratesticular masses are usually benign; intratesticular masses are more often malignant. Germ cell and non-germ cell tumors are common classifications.
- Germ Cell Tumors: Associated with elevated human chorionic gonadotropin and alpha-fetoprotein.
- Seminomas: Homogeneous, hypoechoic masses with smooth borders.
- Embryonal Cell Carcinoma: Heterogeneous, less well-defined, potentially containing calcification, hemorrhage, fibrosis, or cystic areas.
- Teratomas: Heterogeneous, well-defined, possibly showing dense foci with acoustic shadowing.
- Malignant Lymphoma: Rare (1%-7%) secondary testicular tumor, often bilateral in men over 60.
- Cryptorchidism: Undescended testis (cannot be brought into scrotum); Orchiopexy is surgical treatment.
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Description
Test your knowledge on testicular anatomy and scrotal conditions with this comprehensive quiz. The content covers sonographic findings, common disorders such as epididymo-orchitis and torsion, as well as cysts and hernias. Ideal for students and professionals in the medical field.
