9 Questions
What is the function of the respiratory system?
To deliver oxygen to the body's tissues and cells
What is lung compliance?
The stretchability of lung tissue
What happens during inspiration?
The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, increasing the size of the thoracic cavity and volume of the lungs
What is alveolar gas exchange?
The movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between air and blood
What is the cause of upper airway obstruction?
Foreign objects or secretions
What is the difference between hypoventilation and hyperventilation?
Hypoventilation is caused by slow or shallow breathing, while hyperventilation is increased air movement
What is the clinical manifestation of hypoxia?
Cyanosis
What is a sign of chronic hypoxia?
Clubbing of the fingers
What diagnostic test is used to measure oxygen saturation noninvasively?
Pulse oximetry
Study Notes
Understanding Respiratory Function
- Lung compliance and recoil play a significant role in ventilation ease.
- Alveolar gas exchange refers to the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between air and blood.
- Diffusion occurs when the pressure of oxygen is higher in alveoli than in the blood, and vice versa for carbon dioxide.
- Once oxygen diffuses across the alveolar capillary membrane, it dissolves in the blood plasma.
- Alterations in respiratory function can be caused by conditions affecting airway patency, air movement, gas diffusion, and oxygen/carbon dioxide transport.
- Upper airway obstruction can be caused by foreign objects or secretions, while lower airway obstruction can be caused by mucus or inflammation.
- Breathing patterns refer to the rate, volume, rhythm, and ease of respiration; normal respiration is quiet, rhythmic, and effortless.
- Tachypnea is rapid respirations and can be caused by fevers, pain, or hypoxemia, while bradypnea is abnormally slow respiratory rate.
- Hypoventilation can be caused by slow or shallow breathing, respiratory muscle diseases, drugs, or anesthesia.
- Hyperventilation is increased air movement into and out of the lungs, eliminating more CO2 than produced.
- Cheyne-Stokes and Biot's respirations are irregular breathing patterns seen in clients with chronic diseases or CNS disorders.
- Impaired diffusion can affect oxygen levels in the blood, leading to hypoxemia.
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