19 Questions
What is a molecule comprised of?
At least two atoms joined together by a chemical bond
Which type of molecule is an oxygen molecule (O2)?
Made from atoms of only one type of element: oxygen
What is a compound made up of?
A group of molecules
How can compounds be further classified?
By the type of chemical bond and whether it is a pure substance or a mixture
How can you determine whether a bond is ionic or covalent?
By determining whether or not the compound conducts electricity when dissolved in pure water
What is the subscript of the cation in the formula Mg3 N2?
3
What is the subscript of the anion in the formula K1 Cl1?
1
In the formula KCl, why are there no subscripts written for the elements?
It is implied that there is one atom of each element.
What is the charge of the anion in the compound potassium chloride?
-1
In the compound magnesium nitride, why is the formula written as Mg3 N2?
The subscript of the cation is equal to the charge of the anion.
What does a molecular formula express?
The type and quantity of atoms in a molecule
In a molecular formula, what does a numerical coefficient indicate?
The quantity of molecules present
What determines the molecular formulas of ions?
The charge carried by the ions
How do electronegativities vary within the periodic table?
They increase from left to right across a period and from bottom to top within a group
Which type of compound breaks into charged particles when mixed with water?
Ionic compounds
What type of bond results from an unequal sharing of electrons, creating a dipole with partial positive and negative charges?
Polar covalent bond
Which compound is an example of an ionic compound?
Salt (sodium chloride)
What determines the degree to which covalent bonds are polar or nonpolar?
The electronegativity values of the elements involved
Which type of compound is soluble in nonpolar solutions and does not have dipole moments?
Nonpolar covalent compounds
Study Notes
Understanding Ionic and Covalent Compounds
- Ionic compounds break into charged particles when mixed with water
- Covalent molecules do not conduct electricity when dissolved in water and often do not dissolve in water
- Salt (sodium chloride) on potato chips is an ionic compound
- Sugar (sucrose) is a covalent molecule made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
- A pure substance is made up of only one compound or element, while a mixture has two or more compounds and/or elements that do not form chemical bonds with each other
- Covalent bonds can be polar or nonpolar depending on the electronegativity difference of the elements involved
- Polar covalent bonds result from an unequal sharing of electrons, creating a dipole with partial positive and negative charges
- Nonpolar covalent bonds exist between two nonmetals with little to no difference in electronegativity, leading to fully equal sharing of the electron pair
- Nonpolar covalent bonds are important in biology, such as in the formation of oxygen and peptide bonds in proteins
- Polar covalent bonds are soluble in polar solutions and have dipole moments, while nonpolar covalent bonds are soluble in nonpolar solutions and do not have dipole moments
- The properties of compounds containing polar and nonpolar covalent bonds differ in terms of solubility and affinity for water
- The degree to which covalent bonds are polar or nonpolar depends on the electronegativity values of the elements involved
Test your knowledge of ionic and covalent compounds with this quiz. Explore the properties of these compounds, their behavior in water, and the differences between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds. Get familiar with key concepts such as solubility, electronegativity, and the formation of dipole moments.
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