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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of Rb, p16, or p53 in the regulation of the cell cycle?

  • Maintenance of genomic stability
  • Inhibition of cell cycle progression
  • Promotion of cell cycle progression (correct)
  • Induction of cell cycle arrest
  • Which of the following is a key event that occurs during anaphase?

  • Chromatin condensation
  • Formation of the mitotic spindle
  • Sister chromatids move to opposite poles (correct)
  • Breakdown of the nuclear envelope
  • What is the role of Cyclin B/CDK1 in mitosis?

  • Regulating the transition from metaphase to anaphase (correct)
  • Promoting DNA replication
  • Inducing cell cycle arrest
  • Initiating chromatin condensation
  • What is the role of cohesins in mitosis?

    <p>Maintaining sister chromatid cohesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cellular components contributes to the formation of the mitotic spindle?

    <p>Centrosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a metaphase spread?

    <p>A technique used to visualize chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which family of CKIs specifically inhibits CDK4 and CDK6/Cyclin D, blocking the G1 phase?

    <p>INK4 Family of CKIs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which family of CKIs has a broader range of inhibition, inhibiting CDK2/Cyclin E, CDK2/Cyclin A, CDK1/Cyclin A, and CDK1/Cyclin B?

    <p>Cip/Kip Family of CKIs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the E2F transcription factors?

    <p>Activate transcription of target genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein product of oncogenes often results in loss of cell cycle control?

    <p>Cyclin D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein kinases are activated in response to DNA damage or unreplicated DNA?

    <p>ATR and ATM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of mutations in the ATM gene?

    <p>Inability to detect double-strand breaks in DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the phases of the cell cycle?

    <p>Mitosis and Interphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) in regulating the cell cycle?

    <p>Formation of CDK/Cyclin complexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the restriction point in the cell cycle?

    <p>A point where the cell decides to continue or exit the cell cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a growth factor promote cell cycle progression through the restriction point?

    <p>By regulating CDK activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the cell cycle checkpoints for damage control?

    <p>DNA damage control and tumor suppressor genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the stages of mitosis?

    <p>Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein binds to E2F transcription factors to inhibit transcriptional activation of target genes required for the G1 to S transition?

    <p>Rb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein inhibits Cyclin D/CDK4 and Cyclin D/CDK6 complexes, blocking the G1 phase of the cell cycle?

    <p>p16</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein, induced by DNA damage, activates transcription of p21 and other genes involved in G1 to S arrest?

    <p>p53</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when Cyclin D levels increase in the cell?

    <p>Rb is phosphorylated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of p21 in the cell cycle?

    <p>Inhibits Cyclin E/CDK2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of p53 in the cell cycle?

    <p>Activates transcription of p21</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for phosphorylating multiple target proteins required for condensation of chromosomes, breakdown of the nuclear envelope, and formation of the mitotic spindle?

    <p>Cyclin B/CDK1 complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which proteins are responsible for creating interstrand crosslinkages and holding replicated chromosomes (sister chromatids) together during prophase?

    <p>Cohesins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the breakdown of the nuclear envelope during prophase?

    <p>Phosphorylation of lamins by Cyclin B/CDK1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the migration of centrosomes to opposite poles and the formation of the mitotic spindle during prophase?

    <p>Cyclin B/CDK1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What serves as the attachment site for microtubules of the mitotic spindle during mitosis?

    <p>Kinetochore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the degradation of cohesins and cyclin B, leading to the separation of sister chromatids and progression to anaphase?

    <p>Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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