Tendon Mechanics and Injuries Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What happens during the 'toe' stage of stress and strain?

  • The crimp inherent in the structure straightens. (correct)
  • The tissue undergoes maximum load before failure.
  • The tissue exhibits high stiffness.
  • The tissue experiences irreversible deformation.
  • How do tendons behave at low strain rates?

  • They absorb more mechanical energy. (correct)
  • They do not return to their original shape.
  • They exhibit higher stiffness.
  • They are more effective in carrying loads.
  • What is the primary cause of friction forces leading to tendon injuries?

  • Mechanical pinch of the tendon.
  • Lack of flexibility. (correct)
  • Irreversible deformation of the tendon.
  • Anatomical abnormalities.
  • Which stage of stress and strain results in irreversible deformation of tissue?

    <p>Yield stage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily causes tensile forces that can lead to tendon injuries?

    <p>Inadequate recovery from low intensity repetitive stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of tendons?

    <p>Transmit loads from muscle to bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of collagen predominantly composes tendons?

    <p>Type I collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do tenocytes play in tendons?

    <p>Synthesizing the extracellular matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following layers is NOT part of tendon structure?

    <p>Peritenon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mechanoreceptors are sensitive to transient mechanical displacements?

    <p>Vater-Paccini’s corpuscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do tenocytes respond to mechanical stimuli?

    <p>Through anabolic or catabolic changes in the extracellular matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanoreceptor is primarily involved in sensing strain changes?

    <p>Golgi tendon organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the flanking layers around tendons, such as the epitenon and paratenon?

    <p>Reduce friction with the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of shoulder dislocation?

    <p>Deep and fatiguing pain exacerbated by joint movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment method is recommended if a conservative approach fails for joint instability?

    <p>Surgical approach such as ligamentoplasty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical step in the treatment of joint instability concerning exercise?

    <p>Therapeutic exercises should be supervised and gradually intensified</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be evaluated before prescribing exercises for joint instability?

    <p>The laxity of the ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk associated with joint instability in the shoulder?

    <p>Nerve injury leading to rupture or impingement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary functions of ligaments?

    <p>Joint reinforcement and stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the composition of ligaments?

    <p>Contains fibroblasts and elastin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells in ligaments is responsible for synthesizing procollagen?

    <p>Fibroblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do ligaments differ from tendons in terms of collagen organization?

    <p>Ligaments exhibit less organized fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanoreceptor in ligaments is sensitive to joint position and range of movement?

    <p>Ruffini's endings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of the hierarchical structure of ligaments?

    <p>Collagen molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the composition of ligaments is attributed to collagen?

    <p>75%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following contributes to the poor vascularization in ligaments?

    <p>Low cell count present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes reactive tendinopathy?

    <p>Non-inflammatory proliferative response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of treatment involves high-load strength training?

    <p>Stage 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of iliotibial band syndrome?

    <p>Pain in the lateral side of the knee</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of degenerative tendinopathy?

    <p>Short-term adaptation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which exercise type is emphasized in Stage 2 of the treatment protocol?

    <p>Isotonic and heavy slow resistance exercises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long do the therapeutic exercise programs last according to the provided content?

    <p>14 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tendon injury is characterized by compression-entrapment in the subacromial space?

    <p>Subacromial impingement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Stage 1 in the treatment protocol?

    <p>Control symptoms and prepare the neuromuscular system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended prevention strategy for athletes at risk of tendinopathies?

    <p>Progressive resistance training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is associated with a total tendon rupture?

    <p>Sudden, severe pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of tendon ruptures among weekend athletes?

    <p>Balance training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of a partial tendon rupture?

    <p>Deformity to the retraction of the fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of conservative treatment for tendon ruptures?

    <p>Functional treatment with gradual loading</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tendon rupture is characterized by an eccentric contraction of the quadriceps?

    <p>Patellar tendon rupture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of training is critical after a tendon rupture for recovery?

    <p>Proprioceptive training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical feature does the Brunet-Guedj sign evaluate?

    <p>Achilles tendon integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach provides potentially better healing for tendon ruptures?

    <p>Surgical approach with dynamic orthosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered before starting a rehabilitation program after tendon injury?

    <p>Patient's pharmacological treatment history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Tendon Composition and Structure

    • Tendons connect muscles to bones, withstanding high tensile forces.
    • Tendons are composed of regular, densely packed, parallel bundles of connective tissue.
    • They transmit forces from muscle to bone, providing feedback to the brain about joint position.
    • Tendons facilitate joint movement via muscle contractions.
    • Primary components are thick bundles of Type I collagen fibers.
    • Ground substance is limited.
    • Primarily contain fibroblasts/tenocytes (cells that synthesize and maintain extracellular matrix).
    • Tenocytes are the most common cell type.
    • Tenocytes synthesize the extracellular matrix and maintain homeostasis.
    • Tendons are sensitive to mechanical stimuli, adapting to loads through anabolic or catabolic changes.
    • Tendon structure has hierarchical layers (fibrils, fibers, fascicles).
    • Endotenon surrounds fascicles.
    • Epitenon covers the tendon.
    • Paratenon covers the epitenon.
    • Proteoglycans and glycoproteins align the tendon.

    Ligament Composition and Structure

    • Ligaments connect bones, withstanding substantial tensile forces, but less than tendons.
    • They are made of regular bundles of dense connective tissue arranged in parallel bundles.
    • Ligaments reinforce joints, guide movements, and provide proprioceptive feedback to the central nervous system.
    • Primarily composed of collagen and elastic fibers.
    • Ligament fibers are less organized compared to tendon fibers.
    • Ground substance and fibroblasts are present.
    • Some ligaments have more elastic fibers than collagen fibers.

    Tendon and Ligament Cells

    • Tendons contain tenocytes, which are responsible for extracellular matrix synthesis and repair.
    • Ligaments contain fibroblasts, which also contribute to matrix synthesis and repair.

    Tendon and Ligament Biomechanics

    • Tendons & ligaments are viscoelastic, possessing both elastic and viscous properties due to the molecular composition & arrangement
    • In tendons, stress-strain curves show a toe region (minor load), linear region (stable load), yielded region (irreversible deformation), and failure region (peak load).
    • Ligament also has distinct stress-strain behavior.
    • At low strain rates Tendons absorb energy and are less effective for higher loads.
    • At high strain rates Tendons are highly stiff and efficient in transmitting muscle forces to bone.
    • Both tendons and ligaments respond to mechanical stimuli, adapting their structure and function to maintain appropriate levels of strength, stability, and elasticity.

    Tendon and Ligament Injuries

    • Tendon and ligament injuries can arise from overuse, trauma, or a combination of factors.
    • Common diagnoses include tendinopathies and tendinopathy.
    • Both injuries can stem from acute or chronic events/conditions.

    Tendon and Ligament Treatment/Prevention

    • Treatment strategies for tendon and ligament injuries include rest, ice, compression (braces), elevation (RICE), physiotherapy, and strengthening exercises.
    • Prevention strategies include gradual progression of activity, appropriate warm-up routines, maintaining proper posture, and using proper technique when lifting weights.
    • Injuries vary significantly based on the specific location of damage within the tendon or ligament, and this must be carefully analyzed.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge about tendon structure, mechanics, and injuries with this quiz. Explore topics including stress and strain stages, collagen composition, and the role of tenocytes. Understand how tendons respond to mechanical forces and the implications for injuries.

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