Biomechanics & Surgery: Tissue Mechanics IV Ligament / Tendon
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of tendons?

  • To allow for joint flexibility and range of motion
  • To provide structural support for the body
  • To connect bone to muscle and transmit force from muscle to bone (correct)
  • To store and release energy during movement

    • Which of the following is NOT a component of the structure of tendons?

  • Elastin fibers
  • Proteoglycans
  • Bone cells (correct)
  • Collagen fibers

    • Which of the following mechanical properties of tendons is MOST important for their function?

  • Bending stiffness
  • Compressive strength
  • Shear strength
  • Tensile strength (correct)

    • What is the primary effect of stress deprivation on the mechanical properties of tendons?

    <p>Decreased tensile strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key biological factor that affects the mechanical behavior of tendons?

    <p>Cellular metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the healing process of a tendon injury, which mechanical property INITIALLY decreases the most?

    <p>Tensile strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the paratenon surrounding tendons?

    <p>Reduces friction between tendons and surrounding tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fills the space between the parietal and visceral membrane in synovial sheaths?

    <p>Synovial (peritendinous) fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of collagen is present in the paratenon?

    <p>Type III collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the epitenon located in relation to the paratenon?

    <p>Below the paratenon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What angle do the Epitenon fibers form with the tendon axis initially?

    <p>60°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure adds a mechanical advantage to flexion under the annular pulleys?

    <p>Parietal sheet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the musculotendinous unit?

    <p>To transmit tensile forces created in the muscle to the bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key compositional difference between tendons and ligaments?

    <p>Tendons transmit tensile forces from muscle to bone, while ligaments limit joint motion between bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the tendon synovial sheath?

    <p>To allow the tendon to glide smoothly on the bone surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the general biomechanical behaviors of tendons and ligaments differ?

    <p>Tendons can withstand unidirectional tensile loads, while ligaments can resist high tensile loads in one direction and smaller tensile loads in other directions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the myotendinous junction (MTJ) and the osteotendinous junction (OTJ) within the musculotendinous unit?

    <p>The MTJ connects the muscle to the tendon, while the OTJ connects the tendon to the bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the tenocytes and tenoblasts within the musculotendinous unit?

    <p>To synthesize collagen and elastin for the tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the tenocytes within tendons?

    <p>Synthesizing and maintaining the collagen fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects the mechanical behavior of tendons?

    <p>Presence of muscle spindles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the healing process of a tendon injury, which mechanical property is LEAST affected initially?

    <p>Stress relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the synovial sheath surrounding tendons?

    <p>Reducing friction and facilitating gliding motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key biological factor that affects the mechanical behavior of tendons during aging?

    <p>Increased collagen cross-linking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the musculotendinous unit?

    <p>Transmitting muscle force to bone for movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the musculotendinous unit is NOT true?

    <p>It is synthesized by myocytes and myoblasts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the tendon synovial sheath?

    <p>To facilitate gliding of tendons over bony surfaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes the biomechanical behavior of tendons?

    <p>Tendons withstand unidirectional tensile loads.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the composition of tendons and ligaments is true?

    <p>Tendons have a higher concentration of collagen compared to ligaments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the myotendinous junction (MTJ) and the osteotendinous junction (OTJ) within the musculotendinous unit?

    <p>The MTJ connects the muscle to the tendon, while the OTJ connects the tendon to the bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the paratenon surrounding tendons?

    <p>To provide a vascular supply and a source of cells for tendon repair.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the synovial (peritendinous) fluid found in the space between the parietal and visceral membranes of synovial sheaths?

    <p>To facilitate smooth gliding and nutrition of tendons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the function of the paratenon surrounding some tendons?

    <p>It acts as an elastic sleeve to reduce friction during tendon movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the epitenon surrounding the tendon fibrillar network?

    <p>To allow for slight reorientation of collagen fibers during tendon stretching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the Epitenon fibers reorient themselves when the tendon is stretched?

    <p>They decrease their angle from 60° to 30° relative to the tendon axis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under the annular pulleys, which structure adds a mechanical advantage to flexion?

    <p>The synovial sheath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the synovial cells present in the parietal sheet of synovial sheaths?

    <p>To secrete synovial fluid for lubrication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Tissue Mechanics IV: Ligament/Tendon Structure and Metabolism

    • Tendons transmit tensile forces created in the muscle to the bone
    • Composed of collagen and elastin embedded in a matrix of proteoglycan and water
    • Synthesized by tenocytes and tenoblasts
    • Proximal attachment: each muscle has proximal and distal tendon
    • Distal attachment: myotendinous junction (tendon-muscle) and osteotendinous junction (tendon-bone)

    Tendon vs. Ligament: Composition

    • Tendons: muscle to bone, transmit tensile forces
    • Ligaments: bone to bone, limits joint motion
    • Compositional differences between tendons and ligaments

    Tendon Micro-architecture

    • Tendons withstand unidirectional tensile loads
    • Ligaments resist high tensile loads in one direction and smaller tensile loads in other directions

    Tendon and Surrounding Structures

    • Tendon synovial sheaths: closed duct around tendons gliding on bone surfaces
    • Synovial sheaths composed of two membranes: inner (visceral) and outer (parietal) sheets
    • Space between parietal and visceral membrane filled with synovial (peritendinous) fluid
    • Facilitates smooth gliding of tendons and aids in nutrition
    • Under annular pulleys, adding a mechanical advantage to flexion

    Paratenon and Epitenon

    • Paratenon (peritendinous sheet): reduces friction in tendons without synovial sheath
    • Composed of loose fibrillar tissue (type I and III collagen)
    • Functions as an elastic sleeve permitting free movement of tendon against surrounding tissue
    • Inner surface has synovial cells
    • Epitenon: located under paratenon, surrounds tendon fibrillar network of collagen
    • Strands run oblique, longitudinal, or transverse to the long axis of the tendon
    • Epitenon fibers at 60° to the tendon axis, reorient to 30° after stretching (angle decreases)

    Objectives

    • Describe the components and organization of dense regular connective tissues (tendons and ligaments)
    • Describe the mechanical behavior of tendons and ligaments in response to tensile loads
    • Describe physical and biological factors affecting the mechanical behavior of tendons and ligaments
    • Discuss the response of tendons and ligaments to stress deprivation and remobilization
    • Describe the mechanical properties of tendons and ligaments during healing

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    Related Documents

    Biomechanics & Surgery: Tissue Mechanics IV PDF

    Description

    Explore the construction, structure, and metabolism of tendons, focusing on collagen fibers, cells, and biomechanical properties. Optional reading on functional outcomes of acute Achilles tendon rupture with and without operative treatment.

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