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What is the optimal temperature range for the growth of the bacterium?
What is the optimal temperature range for the growth of the bacterium?
What is a characteristic of the bacterium's enzymatic profile?
What is a characteristic of the bacterium's enzymatic profile?
What is the outcome of gelatin hydrolysis by the bacterium?
What is the outcome of gelatin hydrolysis by the bacterium?
How does the bacterium grow in media prepared with NaCl?
How does the bacterium grow in media prepared with NaCl?
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What is the result of starch treatment by the bacterium?
What is the result of starch treatment by the bacterium?
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What is the effect of continuous shaking at 100 rpm on the bacterial yield?
What is the effect of continuous shaking at 100 rpm on the bacterial yield?
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What is the characteristic of the chitin treatment by the bacterium?
What is the characteristic of the chitin treatment by the bacterium?
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What is unique about the enzymatic profile of the bacterium?
What is unique about the enzymatic profile of the bacterium?
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What is the result of esculin treatment by the bacterium?
What is the result of esculin treatment by the bacterium?
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What can be concluded about the differentiation of T. maritimum from other Tenacibaculum species?
What can be concluded about the differentiation of T. maritimum from other Tenacibaculum species?
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Study Notes
Tenacibaculosis
- Tenacibaculum maritimum can produce a systemic infection and can be recovered from internal organs.
- 240 ppm of hydrogen peroxide for 30 minutes is necessary to kill T. maritimum when it is colonizing the skin.
Environmental Factors
- Freshwater baths with a high concentration of hydrogen peroxide can increase the stress level of the fish.
- Decreasing the salinity to 5 ppt for at least 24 hours can be a useful strategy to reduce the prevalence of T. maritimum in the farm.
Virulence Factors
- T. maritimum produces a capsular material, a galactosamine glycan, which is the first step of the infection.
- Quorum-sensing system regulates the expression of genes involved in virulence factors, such as the production of exoenzymes.
- Secretion of enzymes, such as proteases and chondroitinase, contribute to the colonization and invasion.
- High-affinity iron-uptake mechanisms, including the synthesis of siderophores and the utilization of heme groups as iron sources, are involved in virulence.
External Signs of Tenacibaculosis
- Skin ulcers
- Eroded mouth
- Frayed fins
- Tail rot
- Gill necrosis
Infections in Different Fish Species
- T. maritimum in Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)
- T. maritimum in Sea bass (Dicenthrarchus labrax)
- T. maritimum in Sole (Solea senegalensis)
- Tenacibaculosis in Atlantic Salmon in Northwest, Spain (first isolations in the 1990 decade)
Characteristics of T. maritimum
- Antigenically heterogeneous species with three O serotypes described in marine fish.
- No strict host specificity.
- Fastidious, filamentous (5-40 μm), gliding bacterium.
- Obligate marine microorganism that does not grow on media prepared only with NaCl.
- Mesophilic and grows well at temperatures ranging from 15 to 34°C.
- Phenotypic characterization does not allow the differentiation of T. maritimum from other Tenacibaculum species associated with fish diseases.
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Description
This quiz covers Tenacibaculosis, a disease caused by Tenacibaculum maritimum, and its prevention and treatment in fish. It includes environmental factors that can affect the disease.
