Questions and Answers
What is the optimal temperature range for the growth of the bacterium?
What is a characteristic of the bacterium's enzymatic profile?
What is the outcome of gelatin hydrolysis by the bacterium?
How does the bacterium grow in media prepared with NaCl?
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What is the result of starch treatment by the bacterium?
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What is the effect of continuous shaking at 100 rpm on the bacterial yield?
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What is the characteristic of the chitin treatment by the bacterium?
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What is unique about the enzymatic profile of the bacterium?
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What is the result of esculin treatment by the bacterium?
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What can be concluded about the differentiation of T. maritimum from other Tenacibaculum species?
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Study Notes
Tenacibaculosis
- Tenacibaculum maritimum can produce a systemic infection and can be recovered from internal organs.
- 240 ppm of hydrogen peroxide for 30 minutes is necessary to kill T. maritimum when it is colonizing the skin.
Environmental Factors
- Freshwater baths with a high concentration of hydrogen peroxide can increase the stress level of the fish.
- Decreasing the salinity to 5 ppt for at least 24 hours can be a useful strategy to reduce the prevalence of T. maritimum in the farm.
Virulence Factors
- T. maritimum produces a capsular material, a galactosamine glycan, which is the first step of the infection.
- Quorum-sensing system regulates the expression of genes involved in virulence factors, such as the production of exoenzymes.
- Secretion of enzymes, such as proteases and chondroitinase, contribute to the colonization and invasion.
- High-affinity iron-uptake mechanisms, including the synthesis of siderophores and the utilization of heme groups as iron sources, are involved in virulence.
External Signs of Tenacibaculosis
- Skin ulcers
- Eroded mouth
- Frayed fins
- Tail rot
- Gill necrosis
Infections in Different Fish Species
- T. maritimum in Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)
- T. maritimum in Sea bass (Dicenthrarchus labrax)
- T. maritimum in Sole (Solea senegalensis)
- Tenacibaculosis in Atlantic Salmon in Northwest, Spain (first isolations in the 1990 decade)
Characteristics of T. maritimum
- Antigenically heterogeneous species with three O serotypes described in marine fish.
- No strict host specificity.
- Fastidious, filamentous (5-40 μm), gliding bacterium.
- Obligate marine microorganism that does not grow on media prepared only with NaCl.
- Mesophilic and grows well at temperatures ranging from 15 to 34°C.
- Phenotypic characterization does not allow the differentiation of T. maritimum from other Tenacibaculum species associated with fish diseases.
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Description
This quiz covers Tenacibaculosis, a disease caused by Tenacibaculum maritimum, and its prevention and treatment in fish. It includes environmental factors that can affect the disease.
