40 Questions
What is the route of entry of Vibriosis in fish?
Through the gill
What is the ideal temperature range for Ichthyophthiriasis?
20-26°C
What is the effect of dipping in the vaccine without hyperosmotic shock on antibody titre?
Decreases antibody titre
Which of the following methods of immunization is most stressful to fish?
Injection
What is the function of Lactobacillus in the gut?
Produces lactic acid that inhibits putrefactive microbes
What is the spectrum of Lactococcus bacteriocins?
Narrow spectrum, only against Gram-positive bacteria
What is the most effective method of immunization against Ichthyophthiriasis?
Topical application
What is the titre of fish injected with homogenized trophozoite preparation without adjuvant?
1:2560
In indirect immunofluorescence, the antibody specific for the antigen is?
unlabeled
What is the purpose of ELISA?
to detect the presence of antigens or antibodies
What is the effect of c.FK-565 on leucocytes?
It activates leucocytes in vitro
What is the purpose of bioassay?
to detect the presence of toxins
What is the purpose of nucleic acid-based diagnostics?
to identify the molecule of interest from a complex mixture
What is the effect of Vitamin C on immune response in fish?
It enhances antibody production and complement activity
What is the purpose of PCR?
to amplify specific DNA sequences
What is the effect of Vitamin E on immune response in mammals?
It enhances both humoral and cellular immune responses
What is the major benefit of using a drug delivery system?
improving efficiency of drug under treatment
What is the effect of exogenous Growth Hormone on lymphocytes in fish?
It has mitogenic activity on lymphocytes
Which of the following β-glucans is known for its high water solubility?
Laminaran
What is the source of the immunopotentiator Glycyrrhizin?
Unknown plant source
What is another benefit of using a drug delivery system?
improving bioavailability
What is the effect of Prolactin on leucocytes in rainbow trout?
It increases the production of superoxide anion
What is another benefit of using a drug delivery system?
improving therapeutic outcome
What is the effect of Melanin stimulating hormone and Melanin concentrating hormone on head kidney leucocytes?
They stimulate phagocytosis
What is the function of Thymosin (28 amino acids)?
Enhances the production of IL and causes receptors for IL to be displayed on the T lymphocytes
What is the source of the peptide that activates head kidney leucocytes of salmon?
Enzymatic hydrolysate of cod protein
What is the function of cytokines?
They are involved in the transmission of signals between leukocytes
What is the effect of EF 203 on kidney leucocytes?
It increases NBT reduction
What is the function of Chitin?
Acts like an unspecific irritant of the leucocytes
What is the source of the immunopotentiator Laminaran?
Sublittoral brown algae
What is the function of FK-156 (Lipopeptide)?
Enhances resistance to microbial infections in warm-blooded animals
Which bacterium is reported to produce BLIS, which is antagonistic to Aeromonads and Vibrio spp.?
Media
What is the source of the immunopotentiator Glycans?
Echinacea purpurea
What is the mechanism of action of Saccharomyces boulardii against diarrheal infections?
Removal of toxin receptors by protease activity
What is the antifungal compound produced by Alteromonas sp.(strain 1-2)?
Isatin
What is the source of the immunostimulant Macrogard?
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
What is the effect of Macrogard on haemocytes in prawns?
Induces degranulation and activates prophenol oxidase system
Which immunostimulant is derived from the basidiomycete, Coriolus versicolor?
Krestin (PSK)
What is the effect of Lentinan on kidney leucocytes in fishes?
Increases phagocytic activity
Which immunostimulant induces the formation of cytotoxic macrophages and generates antitumour activity in humans?
Schizophyllan (Sizofiran)
Quiz on various aspects of aquatic animal diseases, including Edwardsiella tarda and Vibriosis, and vaccine preparation methods.
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