VI-ENVIRONMENTAL, OTHER NON-INFECTIOUS AND NUTRITIONAL DISEASES
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Questions and Answers

What is the effect of alkalosis on fish?

  • Tissue necrosis and hemorrhaging (correct)
  • Enhanced disease resistance
  • Decreased tissue oxygenation
  • Increased growth rates

    • Which condition is associated with high precipitation or evaporation?

  • Hypoxia
  • Acidosis
  • Gas Bubble Disease
  • Salinity Stress (correct)

    • What is a common sign of swimbladder stress syndrome (SBSS)?

  • Osmoregulatory stress (correct)
  • Increased skin pigmentation
  • Enhanced appetite
  • Clear eye lenses

    • What is a primary method for preventing salinity stress in fish?

    <p>Regularly monitoring site salinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the salinity range for freshwater fish in parts per thousand (ppt)?

    <p>0.5 ppt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible consequence of an increased pH level in water?

    <p>Decreased dissolved oxygen solubility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a disease associated with adverse physico-chemical properties of water?

    <p>Red Blood Cell Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition often results from insufficient aeration in ponds?

    <p>Hypoxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common effect of exposure to pesticide contamination in shrimp?

    <p>Soft shelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is associated with fibrotic accumulation in necrotic tissues within the cephalothorax?

    <p>Black gill Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What practice is recommended to prevent shrimp diseases linked to adverse water properties?

    <p>Regulate lime input</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which syndrome is characterized by swollen hindguts in shrimp?

    <p>Swollen hindgut Syndrome (SHG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sign of muscle necrosis in shrimp?

    <p>Bent or cramped tails</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT associated with acidosis in shrimp?

    <p>Swollen hindgut Syndrome (SHG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could result from poor soil and water conditions in shrimp aquaculture?

    <p>Incomplete molting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary symptoms seen in shrimp suffering from acute hypoxia?

    <p>Slow and erratic movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary cause of Gas Bubble Disease in fish?

    <p>Exposure to supersaturated dissolved oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is associated with Swimbladder Stress Syndrome (SBSS)?

    <p>Mass mortality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential effect of Asphyxiation/Hypoxia in fish?

    <p>Erratic swimming behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is caused by an excess of dissolved gas in the aquatic environment?

    <p>Gas Bubble Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common preventive measure for Swimbladder Stress Syndrome?

    <p>Filtering rearing water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could result from chronic Salinity Stress in aquatic organisms?

    <p>Depigmentation and lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acidosis in aquatic environments can be primarily caused by what factor?

    <p>Decomposition of organic matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is linked to poor husbandry management in aquatic animals?

    <p>Sunburn Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a typical sign of Gas Bubble Disease?

    <p>Emaciation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major environmental concern leading to Asphyxiation/Hypoxia in aquatic systems?

    <p>High stocking densities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which environmental condition is associated with the occurrence of Black Gill Disease?

    <p>Poor water quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An increase in which factor is likely to lead to Alkalosis in fish?

    <p>Supersaturated dissolved oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the risk of not monitoring dissolved oxygen levels in aquaculture facilities?

    <p>Increased algal blooms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which syndrome is characterized by signs like incomplete molting and bent tails in shrimp?

    <p>Chronic Soft-shell Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic sign of Swollen Hindgut Syndrome (SHG) in postlarvae?

    <p>Swollen rectal ridges with no rhythmic movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is associated with hypoxia in postlarvae?

    <p>Swollen Hindgut Syndrome (SHG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is mainly attributed to hereditary factors?

    <p>Tumors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a preventive measure to control shrimp diseases?

    <p>Improving rearing techniques and sanitation practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT typically associated with the effects of Swollen Hindgut Syndrome?

    <p>Visible gill deformities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is presumed to affect shrimp tumors?

    <p>Presence of carcinogens or irritants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is characterized by muscle degeneration?

    <p>Muscle Necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant risk factor for postlarvae with SHG?

    <p>Microbial fouling by bacteria and protozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common sign of anemia in fish?

    <p>Low hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which deficiency is linked to atrophy of the gills in fish?

    <p>Pantothenic Acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could cause a fish to exhibit erratic swimming behavior?

    <p>Pyridoxine deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient is associated with cataracts in fish?

    <p>Riboflavin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is likely to result from fatty liver in fish?

    <p>Biotin deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom indicates low disease resistance in fish?

    <p>Low protein levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient deficiency is associated with distorted bone formation?

    <p>Phosphorus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nutrient deficiency may result in clubbed gills in fish?

    <p>Pantothenic Acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sign indicates a possible deficiency of Thiamine in fish?

    <p>Lethargy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common result of Vitamin C deficiency in fish?

    <p>Scoliosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could contribute to a fish developing cloudy lenses?

    <p>Riboflavin deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential effect of Niacin deficiency in fish?

    <p>Poor feed conversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of a Biotin deficiency in fish?

    <p>Fatty liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nutrient is important in preventing deformed lens formation in fish?

    <p>Vitamin A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary sign of Swimbladder Stress Syndrome (SBSS)?

    <p>Darting movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition in water is closely associated with Asphyxiation/Hypoxia in fish?

    <p>Low dissolved oxygen levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is indicated by gray focal circular lesions on a fish's head?

    <p>Gas bubble disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of Muscle Necrosis in shrimp?

    <p>Bent/cramped tails</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Low water pH levels in ponds can lead to which specific shrimp disease?

    <p>Black gill Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could lead to excessive mucus production in fish during a sickness?

    <p>Alkalosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT a prevention method for Gas Bubble Disease?

    <p>Overcrowding of fish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom indicates the presence of Sunburn Disease in fish?

    <p>Development of ulcerative lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by bright and milky cloudiness of the skin in fish?

    <p>Gas bubble disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What results from rapid changes in dissolved oxygen levels in shrimp aquaculture?

    <p>Chronic Soft-shell Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does high organic load in water affect shrimp?

    <p>It results in prolonged respiratory distress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sign of Acid sulfate disease syndrome in shrimp?

    <p>Blackened gills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could indicate excessive salinity stress in fish?

    <p>Reduced feeding behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of inadequate water quality on shrimp?

    <p>Reduced resistance to pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Environmental, Other Non-Infectious and Nutritional Diseases

    • Aquaculture and aquatic animal medicine lecture by Jeryl Belle C. Rafanan, DVM
    • Covers environmental, non-infectious, and nutritional diseases in fish and shrimp.

    Outline

    • Introduction:

      • Environmental diseases are caused by low dissolved oxygen, high ammonia, high nitrite, and natural/man-made toxins.
      • Non-infectious diseases encompass environmental conditions, nutritional disorders, neoplasia, genetic defects, and poor husbandry.

    • Fish diseases associated with adverse physico-chemical properties of water:

      • Gas bubble disease: Occurs when fish are exposed to water with supersaturated dissolved oxygen. Fish absorb the gas, and it's released, forming internal bubbles.
      • Swimbladder stress syndrome (SBSS): Linked to swimbladder malfunction, often occurring after handling and partitioning of larvae.
      • Asphyxiation/Hypoxia: Reduced dissolved oxygen levels in the water.
      • Salinity stress: Changes in salinity, often due to high precipitation or evaporation, affecting oxygen solubility.
      • Alkalosis: Water pH too high.
      • Acidosis: Water pH too low, often due to acid rain.
      • Sunburn disease: Caused by excessive ultraviolet irradiation from sunlight, especially in shallow, uncovered raceways.

    • Shrimp diseases associated with physico-chemical properties of water:

      • Muscle necrosis: Bent/cramped tails or body cramp, incomplete molting, etc.
      • Incomplete molting: Failure of exoskeleton to detach.
      • Asphyxiation/Hypoxia: Reduced dissolved oxygen levels.
      • Acidosis/Acid sulfate disease syndrome: Acidic water conditions.
      • Black gill Disease: Various symptoms relating to gills.
      • Red Disease: Specific symptoms/signs associated with disease.
      • Chronic Soft-shell Syndrome (SHG): Indicates a chronic condition.
      • Swollen hindgut Syndrome (SHG): Indicates a chronic condition.

    Nutritional Diseases

    • Possible nutrient deficiencies in fish:
      • Signs: Anemia, anorexia, ascites, atrophy, cartilage abnormality, cataract, cloudy lens, clubbed gills, decoloration, and various other symptoms.
      • Possible nutrient deficiencies: Folate, Inositol, Niacin, Pyridoxine, Riboflavin, vitamins A, B-12, C, B6, E, K, and other vitamins/minerals.
      • Other symptoms and their associated nutritional deficiencies were mentioned in tables.

    Diagnosis Techniques

    • Environmental Diseases: Gross examination, histopathological/histochemical analysis, hematological analysis, analysis of water characteristics, and evaluation of management.
    • Diseases associated with physical factors: Handling, transport, sorting, high stocking density, predation, and transport of fish, causing trauma and mortality.
    • Neoplastic/Genetic diseases: Tumors – age, heredity, immunologic factors, carcinogen or irritants, trauma, oncogenic viruses; Genetic disorders – inherited factors (e.g., deformed spine, undeveloped operculum).

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    Lecture VI Environmental, NonInfectious and Nutritional Diseases PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the effects of water quality on aquatic life, specifically focusing on fish and shrimp. Questions cover various conditions such as alkalosis, salinity stress, and disease symptoms related to water properties. Test your knowledge about how physico-chemical aspects influence fish and shrimp health.

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