Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the layer of cartilage within the mandibular condyle?
What is the primary function of the layer of cartilage within the mandibular condyle?
Which structure is specifically described as a fibrous extension of the capsule in the TMJ?
Which structure is specifically described as a fibrous extension of the capsule in the TMJ?
What role do the ligaments play in the stability of the TMJ?
What role do the ligaments play in the stability of the TMJ?
Which part of the TMJ capsule attaches to the neck of the mandibular condyle?
Which part of the TMJ capsule attaches to the neck of the mandibular condyle?
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What shape is the articular disc of the TMJ described as?
What shape is the articular disc of the TMJ described as?
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Which movement of the mandible involves a downward motion?
Which movement of the mandible involves a downward motion?
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What type of rotation occurs first during the opening of the mandible?
What type of rotation occurs first during the opening of the mandible?
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Which of the following defines myofascial pain in the context of TMJ disorders?
Which of the following defines myofascial pain in the context of TMJ disorders?
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How many main categories of temporomandibular disorders are generally agreed upon by researchers?
How many main categories of temporomandibular disorders are generally agreed upon by researchers?
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Which axis is NOT one of the axes of rotation for the mandate's movements?
Which axis is NOT one of the axes of rotation for the mandate's movements?
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What is the primary function of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?
What is the primary function of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?
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Which bones are involved in the articulation of the TMJ?
Which bones are involved in the articulation of the TMJ?
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What is a distinct feature of the TMJ compared to other joints in the head?
What is a distinct feature of the TMJ compared to other joints in the head?
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Which of the following motions is primarily controlled by the TMJ?
Which of the following motions is primarily controlled by the TMJ?
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What anatomical structure supports the smooth movement of the mandibular condyle within the TMJ?
What anatomical structure supports the smooth movement of the mandibular condyle within the TMJ?
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Which of the following is a common problem associated with TMJ?
Which of the following is a common problem associated with TMJ?
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Which component of the TMJ enables jaw movement during wide mouth opening?
Which component of the TMJ enables jaw movement during wide mouth opening?
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How does the TMJ facilitate side-to-side movement of the jaw?
How does the TMJ facilitate side-to-side movement of the jaw?
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Which symptom is commonly associated with TMJ disorders?
Which symptom is commonly associated with TMJ disorders?
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What non-surgical treatment option for TMJ disorders involves easing muscle tension?
What non-surgical treatment option for TMJ disorders involves easing muscle tension?
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What does limited opening of the mouth, also known as trismus, indicate?
What does limited opening of the mouth, also known as trismus, indicate?
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Which of the following is NOT a recommended treatment for TMJ disorders?
Which of the following is NOT a recommended treatment for TMJ disorders?
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A clicking or popping sound when opening or closing the mouth is a sign of what?
A clicking or popping sound when opening or closing the mouth is a sign of what?
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What type of surgery can be considered for severe TMJ disorders?
What type of surgery can be considered for severe TMJ disorders?
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Which symptom may indicate TMJ discomfort during certain actions?
Which symptom may indicate TMJ discomfort during certain actions?
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Which of the following is a conservative treatment approach for TMJ disorders?
Which of the following is a conservative treatment approach for TMJ disorders?
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What symptom indicates possible jaw dislocation?
What symptom indicates possible jaw dislocation?
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What is a common cause of trismus?
What is a common cause of trismus?
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Which treatment is recommended for managing trismus?
Which treatment is recommended for managing trismus?
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When does trismus typically occur?
When does trismus typically occur?
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What is the maximum mouth opening measurement that defines trismus?
What is the maximum mouth opening measurement that defines trismus?
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What is NOT a symptom of a jaw dislocation?
What is NOT a symptom of a jaw dislocation?
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What method do doctors use to relocate a dislocated jaw?
What method do doctors use to relocate a dislocated jaw?
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Which factor is NOT associated with trismus?
Which factor is NOT associated with trismus?
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Study Notes
Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)
- The TMJ is the joint that connects the mandible (lower jaw) to the skull.
- It is found on both sides of the head, in front of the ears.
- It allows the jaw to open and close, enabling speaking and eating.
TMJ Components
- The TMJ is an articulation between the mandibular condyle and the inferior surface of the temporal bone.
- It is the only visible and freely moving articulation in the head.
- Other articulations are sutures and fixed.
Bony Landmarks
- Mandibular (glenoid) fossa: Depression in temporal bone where the mandible sits, covered with cartilage for smooth movement.
- Articular eminence: Gentle slope of bone anterior to the fossa, covered with cartilage, facilitating forward movement of the condyle during wide mouth opening.
- Mandibular condyle: Dense cortical bone covered with fibrous connective tissue, allowing smooth motion within the joint.
Other Components
- Articular capsule: Fibrous membrane surrounding the joint, attaching to the articular eminence, articular disc, and neck of the mandibular condyle.
- Synovial tissue: Connective tissue that lines the inside of the joint capsule.
- Articular disc: Fibrous extension of the capsule; biconcave in shape with the condyle sitting in its depression.
- Ligaments: Provide passive stability to the TMJ. Temporomandibular ligament is the thickened lateral portion of the capsule, with an outer oblique and inner horizontal part. Stylomandibular ligament runs from the styloid process to the angle of the mandible. Sphenomandibular ligament runs from the spine of the sphenoid bone to the lingula of the mandible.
Functions of Ligaments
- Accessory ligaments limit border movements of the mandible.
- The fibrous capsule and TMJ ligaments limit extreme lateral movements during wide opening.
Movements of the Mandible
-
Depression and elevation (up and down).
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Lateral deviation (side to side).
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Protrusion and retrusion (backwards and forwards).
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Initial opening involves rotation of the condyle within the glenoid fossa.
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Rotational Movements:
- Horizontal axis of rotation: Hinge axis.
- Frontal (vertical) axis of rotation: Vertical axis.
- Sagittal axis of rotation: Sagittal axis.
TMJ Disorders
- Myofascial pain: Discomfort or pain in the muscles that control jaw function, neck, and shoulder muscles.
- Internal derangement: Dislocated jaw, displaced disc, or injury to the condyle.
- Degenerative joint disease: Osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis.
Symptoms
- Headaches, earaches, pain behind the eyes.
- Clicking or popping sound when opening or closing the mouth.
- Jaw "getting stuck," locking, or going out.
- Tenderness of jaw muscles.
- Sudden change in how upper and lower teeth fit together.
- Limited opening (trismus).
- Pain brought on by yawning, wide mouth opening, or chewing.
Treatment
- Exercises.
- Heat.
- Medication (pain relief, muscle relaxants).
- Soft diet.
- Botox.
- GDP/Oral Surgeon: Biteguard/Splint.
- Surgery (arthroscopy & arthrocentesis, joint surgery, joint replacement).
Dislocated Jaw
- Pain in the face or jaw, worse with movement.
- Bite that feels "off" or crooked.
- Difficulty talking.
- Inability to close the mouth (drooling).
- Locked jaw or jaw protruding forward.
Jaw Relocation
- Doctors/Dentists use gauze-covered thumbs to press down on the back teeth and push the chin up.
Trismus
- Inability to open the mouth more than 35 mm.
- Can be caused by trauma, surgery, infection, cancer, or radiation therapy.
- Often occurs after long dental appointments or ID block local analgesia.
- Can be temporary or permanent.
Trismus Treatment
- Stretching exercises.
- Soft diet.
- Time, especially for temporary cases.
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Description
Explore the anatomy and components of the Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ), which connects the lower jaw to the skull. Learn about its bony landmarks, movement functions, and unique characteristics that facilitate speaking and eating. This quiz will enhance your understanding of TMJ's significance in craniofacial anatomy.
