Questions and Answers
Local CO switches are connected in a star topology to a ____
CO switches can be directly trunked to each other.
True
If a telephone call passes from one local service area to another, it is a ____________.
Long-distance call
The local tandem switch will hand off a long distance call to its ____.
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The bottom-most telephone switch in the switching hierarchy is the __________.
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As a general rule, only a class 5 switch provides dial tone.
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In the switching hierarchy, a class 1 switch is a ____.
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In the switching hierarchy, a class 2 switch is a ____.
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In the switching hierarchy, a class 3 switch is a ____.
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In the switching hierarchy, a class 4 switch is a ____.
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In the switching hierarchy, a class 5 switch is a ____.
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A superior control and routing decision architecture called _______ has been in service since the 1980's.
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A telecommunications network has three main parts: select all that apply.
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Another term for the Access Network is the _______________.
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F1 cables are buried underground because _________________
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Telecommunication Cabinets are also called:
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F1 cables cross connect to _________ in the SAI.
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A Jumper Wire Interface (JWI) is a type of OPI.
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The wiring device that performs the demarc function is the ___________.
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The analog electrical signal is filtered to be in a frequency range from 300 Hz to 3300 Hz referred to as the ________________.
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The two commonly available ISDN services are (Pick two).
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Each 'B' channel in an ISDN circuit operates at __________.
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DSL access is not available everywhere - it depends on the ____________.
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A _____________ splits off the data portion to a high-speed data network, and passes the voice band to the CO Switch.
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The Telecom Transport Network connects _______________
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4-(and sometimes 6 or 8) wire trunks are called _______ trunks (choose all that apply).
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An analogue trunk can carry only one duplex conversation at a time.
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The technology where each conversation is assigned a different, non-overlapping frequency range is called __________.
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According to the Nyquist Theory, a signal whose maximum frequency is 4000 Hz requires ________ samples per second in order to accurately reconstruct the signal.
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Each Bearer channel of a PRI operates at 64Kbps because _________.
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Telecommunications carriers use single DS0s in their transmission networks.
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Pick the one statement that is completely correct.
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TDM is an acronym for ____.
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The number of DS0s in a T1 TDM frame are ____.
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Pick the one piece of equipment not essential to the operation of a CO.
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CO equipment is designed to operate on ____.
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The purpose of the CO Air compressor is ____.
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F1 cables enter and exit the CO by the way of ____.
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Pick the one correct statement.
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Riser cables are connected to F1 cables in the ____________.
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The __________ provides the point of cross-connection between the Outside Plant (OSP) cable pairs and the office equipment (switch).
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The side of the MDF that faces the switch is referred to as ___________________.
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Small interface units called _______ provide the circuitry to connect the live (loop) to the bus and backplane architecture of the switch.
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Historically, the telco owned all of the telephone wiring inside the customer premise.
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Historically, the subscriber was not allowed to make any modifications to the inside wiring, including adding new jacks or telephones. This is still true today.
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Modern datacom cable, such as Cat5, Cat5e and Cat6 are acceptable for use as telephone inside wiring.
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Twisting pairs of wire together inside the inside wiring cable _______.
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Each connection where another phone is connected to the loop is called a ________.
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Each telephone set has an associated electrical measurement called a ________.
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The number of standard telephone sets on a POTS loop should not exceed ____.
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If there are too many telephone sets on a POTS loop, then ____.
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Inside wiring cables that pass through enclosed ceilings must be ____ in order to meet fire regulations.
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Fire stopping is intended to ____.
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The Telco Building Entrance is ____.
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The service provider terminates the cables brought through the building entrance utilizing ______ protection (pick 2).
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Pick all of the devices where the distribution of dial tone in a building could start.
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The central point in a building where all cables converge is the ____.
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The ________ connects other floors' (IDF/TC's) of a multiple floor building to the MDF.
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The ________ extends telecom services on the same floor to the other sections of a building (as with single floor complexes).
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USOC is an acronym for ____.
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In telecommunications, calls being handled by a switching system are referred to as ____.
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The percent of time the server is working (carrying traffic) as opposed to waiting for a call is defined as (choose all that apply).
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If an inbound call to a PBX encounters a busy signal or no answer, the call is said to be ____.
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In Traffic Engineering, the time shown on a billing report is called the ____.
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Which of the following is not a factor that determines switch capacity?
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What factor does not influence operating time?
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Study Notes
Local CO Switches and Tandem Switches
- Local CO switches are connected to tandem switches in a star topology.
- Tandem switches facilitate interconnection between different local service areas.
Call Types
- A long-distance call occurs when a telephone conversation crosses local service area boundaries.
- CO switches can directly trunk with one another, allowing direct communication paths.
Switching Hierarchy
- Class 5 switches function as access switches and are the lowest level in the switching hierarchy.
- The hierarchy includes various classes:
- Class 1: Regional switch
- Class 2: Section switch
- Class 3: Primary center switch
- Class 4: Toll center switch
ISDN Services
- Two main ISDN services are BRI (Basic Rate Interface) and PRI (Primary Rate Interface), with each "B" channel operating at 64 Kbps.
DSL and Network Connectivity
- DSL access availability depends on loop reach, which refers to the distance broadband signals can reliably travel.
- DSLAM (Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer) splits data from voice signals to connect to high-speed data networks.
Cable and Wiring Standards
- F1 cables are buried due to their heaviness, which makes them unsuitable for pole suspension.
- Plenum grade cables are required for fire regulations in enclosed ceiling spaces.
Network Interface and Demarcation Points
- NID (Network Interface Device) serves as the demarcation point between telecommunications service and customer wiring.
- Jumper Wire Interfaces (JWI) are used as outside plant interfaces for connectivity to switches.
Telecommunications Infrastructure
- The Main Distribution Frame (MDF) is crucial as it provides the cross-connection point between outside plant cables and office equipment.
- Riser cables connect different floors' telecommunications infrastructure to the MDF.
Signal Processing and Multiplexing
- Voice signals are typically filtered within a frequency range of 300 Hz to 3300 Hz, known as the voiceband.
- Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) assigns non-overlapping frequency ranges for simultaneous conversations.
Fire Safety and Building Codes
- Fire stopping techniques are vital to prevent the spread of fire and smoke across different building areas.
- The Telco Building Entrance represents where telephone cables enter a structure from outside.
Traffic Engineering Concepts
- The efficiency of a system is determined by the percentage of time it is actively carrying traffic versus idle time.
- Inbound calls that cannot connect due to busy signals or no answers are categorized as blocked calls.
Historical Perspective on Telecommunications
- Historically, telecommunication providers owned all wiring within customer premises; regulations have since evolved allowing modifications.
- Modern data communication cables (Cat5, Cat6) are acceptable for use as inside wiring.
Miscellaneous
- The term "traffic" in telecommunications refers to the volume of calls handled by the switching system.
- Occupancy measures the use of a system, indicating the proportion of time it's engaged with active calls.
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Test your knowledge of telephony concepts with these flashcards. The quiz covers essential terms related to CO switches, local switches, and call processing. Ideal for students and professionals in telecommunications.