Podcast
Questions and Answers
The Audio-lingual Method is not considered a past trend in TEFL from the 20th century.
The Audio-lingual Method is not considered a past trend in TEFL from the 20th century.
False (B)
A method in language teaching refers to the practical plan and techniques derived from the methodology and approach.
A method in language teaching refers to the practical plan and techniques derived from the methodology and approach.
True (A)
Methodology refers to the individual classroom tasks and activities used in teaching.
Methodology refers to the individual classroom tasks and activities used in teaching.
False (B)
Communicative Language Teaching is a 21st-century approach to language education.
Communicative Language Teaching is a 21st-century approach to language education.
In traditional teaching methods, students are encouraged to collaborate and learn in groups.
In traditional teaching methods, students are encouraged to collaborate and learn in groups.
The Silent Way emphasizes student autonomy and communication over teacher-led instruction.
The Silent Way emphasizes student autonomy and communication over teacher-led instruction.
Total Physical Response focuses on learners responding physically to language commands.
Total Physical Response focuses on learners responding physically to language commands.
In teacher-centric classrooms, the teacher's role is that of a facilitator rather than a knowledge dispenser.
In teacher-centric classrooms, the teacher's role is that of a facilitator rather than a knowledge dispenser.
The Natural Approach was proposed as a method based on the principles of immersion in a language.
The Natural Approach was proposed as a method based on the principles of immersion in a language.
Techniques in language teaching include overarching philosophies and principles underpinning the approach.
Techniques in language teaching include overarching philosophies and principles underpinning the approach.
Teachers primarily focus on preparing students for exams in traditional teaching.
Teachers primarily focus on preparing students for exams in traditional teaching.
Community Language Learning is an example of a traditional teaching method.
Community Language Learning is an example of a traditional teaching method.
The Chomskyan revolution in linguistics focused on surface structures of language.
The Chomskyan revolution in linguistics focused on surface structures of language.
Interactive procedures like pair and group work are common in traditional teaching.
Interactive procedures like pair and group work are common in traditional teaching.
The affective-humanistic approach is a feature of designer methods.
The affective-humanistic approach is a feature of designer methods.
In traditional language classes, the class atmosphere is less important than materials or methods.
In traditional language classes, the class atmosphere is less important than materials or methods.
Traditional language teaching typically involves a structured approach with clearly defined objectives.
Traditional language teaching typically involves a structured approach with clearly defined objectives.
Total Physical Response (TPR) is categorized as a designer method.
Total Physical Response (TPR) is categorized as a designer method.
Personal experiences of students are deemed irrelevant in traditional language classrooms.
Personal experiences of students are deemed irrelevant in traditional language classrooms.
Teacher roles in traditional language classes are usually interactive and collaborative.
Teacher roles in traditional language classes are usually interactive and collaborative.
Flashcards
Language Teaching Approach
Language Teaching Approach
A theoretical framework explaining how language should be taught.
Language Teaching Method
Language Teaching Method
The practical implementation of a language teaching approach.
Methodology
Methodology
A system of practices and procedures used by teachers to guide learning.
Language Teaching Techniques
Language Teaching Techniques
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Syllabus
Syllabus
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Teacher-Centric Approach
Teacher-Centric Approach
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Chalk and Talk Methods
Chalk and Talk Methods
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Regimented Classrooms
Regimented Classrooms
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Lack of Collaboration
Lack of Collaboration
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Lack of Facilitator Role
Lack of Facilitator Role
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Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)
Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)
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Chomskyan Revolution in Linguistics
Chomskyan Revolution in Linguistics
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Total Physical Response (TPR)
Total Physical Response (TPR)
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Affective-Humanistic Approach
Affective-Humanistic Approach
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Designer Methods
Designer Methods
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Community Language Learning (CLL)
Community Language Learning (CLL)
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Deep Structure of Language
Deep Structure of Language
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Affective and Interpersonal Nature of Learning
Affective and Interpersonal Nature of Learning
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Traditional Language Classes
Traditional Language Classes
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Primary View on Language in Traditional Teaching
Primary View on Language in Traditional Teaching
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Study Notes
TEFL 613: Trending Approaches in TEFL: CLIL and PBL
- Course Instructor: Ph.D., Kymbat Smakowa
Past Trends in TEFL (20th Century)
- Grammar-Translation
- Direct Method
- Audio-lingual Method
- Community Language Learning
- The Silent Way
- Suggestopedia
- Total Physical Response
- Natural Approach
- Communicative Language Teaching
Approach, Method, Methodology, and Techniques
- Approach: Describes the underlying theory or philosophy of language teaching. Provides the framework.
- Methodology: The study and analysis of methods and practices within the approach.
- Method: A detailed plan, including techniques, for implementing an approach. This includes practical aspects like syllabus, progression, materials.
- Techniques: Specific classroom tasks and activities used within a method.
Language Teaching Methodology
- A method is an application of an approach and puts a theory into practice, including the skills to be taught (LSRW), the roles of the teacher and learner, the procedures and techniques, the content to be taught, and the order of presentation.
- Methodology is a system of practices and procedures used by a teacher, based on beliefs about language and learning.
- Syllabus: The organized content and objectives of learning, sequenced and taught using the method.
Key features of Traditional Teaching
- Teacher-centric approach: Teachers are the primary source of knowledge, acting as knowledge dispensers rather than facilitators.
- Chalk and talk methods are common.
- Regimented classroom environment.
- Lack of collaboration and group learning.
- Preparing students mainly for exams rather than conceptual understanding.
- Limited alignment between objectives, activities, and assessments.
Examples of Methods (20th century and beyond)
- Community Language Learning
- The Silent Way
- Suggestopedia
- Total Physical Response (TPR)
Chomskyan Revolution in Linguistics
- Linguists and teachers focused on the deep structure of language.
- Psychologists considered the emotional and interpersonal elements of learning.
Designer Methods
- Affective-humanistic approach and designer methods are fully synonymous.
- Designer methods emerged in the 1970s and 1980s, with more innovative features like Total Physical Response (TPR) and Community Language Learning.
Key Features of Contemporary/Modern Teaching
- Emphasis on student and teacher feelings and respect.
- Promoting student involvement and experiential learning in the classroom.
- Increased use of interactive activities like pair and group work (CLT).
- Importance placed on classroom atmosphere over materials and methods.
Tasks
- Task 1: Describe the common features of traditional language classes (beliefs, primary view of language, learning theory, relationships between teacher and students, materials, activities).
- Task 2: List new 21st-century trends in TEFL/TESOL (popular strategies, approaches, policies, and techniques).
- Task 3: Describe how contemporary trends changed relationships, roles, and competencies, teaching materials, assessment strategies, content, and expectations for all stakeholders.
- Additional Question (page 21): Identify methods with features that might still be suitable today.
- Additional Question (page 22): Rationale for the decline in the search for the "best" method.
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