Technology in Action Chapter 10

Algorithm = A set of steps to complete a task Flowchart = A visual representation of an algorithm using symbols Pseudocode = A text-based method of documenting an algorithm Binary decision = A question with a yes or no answer

Top-down design = Breaking a problem into high-level tasks Object-oriented analysis = Identifying categories of inputs called classes Inheritance = A derived class picks up characteristics from a base class Coding = Translating an algorithm into a programming language

Decision points = Places where the program chooses from actions Loops = Repeating actions based on a question's answer Subtasks = Refined tasks from high-level tasks in top-down design Classes = Categories of inputs in object-oriented design

<p>Oval = Start or end of a process Diamond = Decision point in a process Rectangle = Process or action step Arrow = Direction of flow in a flowchart</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Client-side scripting = Enhancing web applications with interactivity Database queries = Retrieving and manipulating data in databases General-purpose programming = Coding for various applications and tasks Styling web pages = Applying design and layout to websites</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Employee class = John Doe, Jane Doe, Bill McGillicutty Loop = Repeatedly asking a question until answered 'no' Derived class = A new class that extends an existing class Algorithm = A recipe for solving a specific problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flowchart = Visual representation using symbols Pseudocode = Informal language for algorithm description Binary decision = Choice involving two options Loop = Action repeated based on conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reusability = Using existing classes for new objects Base class = The original class in inheritance Algorithm translation = The act of coding an algorithm High-level tasks = Initial steps in top-down design process</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Portability = Capability to transfer a solution across different computers Variables = Input and output that a program manipulates Comments = Explanations added to describe sections of code Compilation = Converting code into machine language</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Logical errors = Errors caught when the program executes Runtime errors = Errors due to unusual situations like dividing by zero Syntax errors = Mistakes in the structure of the code Compilation errors = Issues in code that prevent it from being compiled</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Internal testing = Using the program in every possible way within the organization External testing = Involving end users to test the software Beta version = Pre-commercial release version for testing Release to manufacturers = Phase where software is delivered to manufacturers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compiler = Program that converts code into machine language Interpreter = Translates source code line by line IDE = Integrated tool for writing and testing programs Debugger = Tool for finding and fixing errors in code</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>C/C++ = Languages in high demand for programming jobs Java = Widely used language in various industries Python = General-purpose programming often used in data science JavaScript = Main language for client-side web development</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>First generation = Machine language consisting of 1s and 0s Second generation = Assembly languages using mnemonics Third generation = High-level languages like C and Java Fourth generation = Languages focused on specific database manipulations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unit testing = Testing individual components of code Integration testing = Testing combined parts of the program System testing = Testing the entire system for functionality Acceptance testing = Testing to see if the software meets requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Repetitive tasks = Tasks that can be performed without human intervention Electronic information = Data processed by electronic devices Clear steps = Tasks that follow a logical sequence Complex tasks = Tasks requiring creative thought and human touch</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plentiful jobs = High demand in various industries Strong salaries = Above-average compensation compared to other fields Easy telecommuting = Flexibility to work from remote locations Programming necessity = Needed when no existing software meets requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Data = Raw input for processing People = Users interacting with the system Procedures = Processes guiding the use of the system Software = Programs enabling data processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Development committee = Group evaluating project proposals Program specification = Documenting required features and functions Testing the program = Ensuring the software performs correctly Monitoring performance = Evaluating if the software meets user needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Programming = Translating tasks into computer commands Program Development Life Cycle (PDLC) = Stages of project development to deployment Problem statement = Clear description of tasks to be performed Error handling = Procedures for managing invalid input</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Data = Raw input users start with Information = Desired outcome after processing Method = Process of converting input to output Goal = What the programming aims to achieve</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amazon = E-commerce platform utilizing information systems Netflix = Streaming service powered by database-driven applications Office systems = Technologies aiding in everyday business tasks Online purchasing systems = Facilitating transactions over the internet</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Valid input = Input that meets expected requirements Invalid input = Input that triggers error handling Raw input = Initial data fed into the system Processed output = Final results presented to users</p> Signup and view all the answers