Software Programming and SDLC Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary benefit of using an object-oriented approach in programming?

  • It allows coding to be done without syntax rules.
  • It enables reusability of classes through inheritance. (correct)
  • It simplifies the coding process by restricting the use of classes.
  • It eliminates the need for algorithms in programming.

Which of the following best describes the role of a compiler in the programming life cycle?

  • It translates high-level code line by line into machine code.
  • It identifies logical errors within the code before compilation.
  • It converts code into an executable program without checking for syntax errors.
  • It understands the syntax of a programming language and creates machine language. (correct)

What is a key difference between a compiler and an interpreter?

  • An interpreter creates an executable program, while a compiler does not.
  • A compiler is used only for high-level languages, while an interpreter works with low-level languages.
  • A compiler translates the entire code at once, while an interpreter processes code line by line. (correct)
  • An interpreter checks for syntax errors, while a compiler does not.

Which of the following accurately describes the identification process during coding?

<p>Programmers identify key pieces of information and the flow of each step. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do programming languages facilitate control of the CPU without requiring hardware knowledge?

<p>They use a set of special words and strict syntactical rules to control CPU functions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics typically indicate tasks that are suitable for automation through programming?

<p>They follow a series of clear steps. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)?

<p>Problem/Opportunity identification (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these components is NOT part of an information system?

<p>Weather Patterns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary advantages of a career in programming?

<p>Opportunities for telecommuting. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the SDLC do programmers actually begin coding?

<p>Development (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does maintenance serve in the System Development Life Cycle?

<p>To evaluate whether the program meets end-user needs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tool is often utilized in the design phase of the SDLC to depict the flow of data?

<p>Flowcharts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common misconception about programming?

<p>Programming can substitute for human creativity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial stage in the Program Development Life Cycle?

<p>Describing the problem (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which stage of the PDLC is an algorithm developed?

<p>Making a plan (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do programmers ensure the program can handle invalid inputs?

<p>Error handling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method allows programmers to break a problem into high-level tasks?

<p>Top-down design (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is represented through flowcharts or pseudocode during the PDLC?

<p>Algorithms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of binary decisions in algorithms?

<p>They can be answered in either yes (true) or no (false). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a focus of the problem statement in the PDLC?

<p>Technical specifications of the programming language (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What methodology supports programmers in developing complex algorithms?

<p>Top-down and object-oriented analysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of debugging in a program's life cycle?

<p>To find and correct logical errors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of error is identified during the execution of a program?

<p>Logical error (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of program development involves both internal and external testing?

<p>Testing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym RTM stand for in the release cycle of a software program?

<p>Release to Manufacturers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a goal when developing software?

<p>To be visually appealing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who typically writes the user documents for end users in software development?

<p>Technical writers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary requirement for building apps targeting Android devices?

<p>Android software development kit (SDK) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main challenge faced by programmers when developing software?

<p>Balancing conflicting goals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What makes a task suitable for automation?

Tasks that can be automated through programming are repetitive, work with electronic information, and follow a clear series of steps.

What are the benefits of a programming career?

A programming career offers plentiful job opportunities, strong salaries, and often allows for telecommuting.

What is an information system?

An information system is a collection of components, including data, people, procedures, hardware, and software, working together to achieve common goals.

What is the purpose of an information system?

Information systems help with planning and decision-making, run offices efficiently, and support online systems like Amazon and Netflix.

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What is the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)?

The SDLC is a structured process used to develop information systems. It involves several steps and can be lengthy, but it ensures a well-designed and functional system.

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What are the first two steps of the SDLC?

The first two steps of the SDLC are problem/opportunity identification and analysis. This involves evaluating proposals, understanding user requirements, and planning the development process.

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What is the role of design in the SDLC?

Design involves creating a detailed plan using flowcharts and data-flow diagrams to outline how the system will work, including input, output, and processing requirements.

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What happens during the development phase of the SDLC?

During development, the actual programming begins. This includes writing code and creating technical documentation explaining how the system works.

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Object-oriented analysis

A programming approach that uses classes to represent categories of data and actions. An object is a specific instance of a class, and classes can be reused through inheritance.

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Coding

The process of translating an algorithm into instructions that a computer can understand. It involves identifying key information, the flow of steps, and converting the algorithm into a specific programming language.

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Programming language

A set of specific words and rules used to write instructions for a computer. It allows programmers to control the CPU without understanding the hardware's details.

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Compilation

The process of converting code written in a programming language into machine language, which is a sequence of 1s and 0s that the CPU can understand.

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Compiler

A program that understands the syntax of a specific programming language and the structure of the CPU. It checks for syntax errors and creates an executable program.

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Program Development Life Cycle (PDLC)

The stages a programming project follows, including describing the problem, planning, coding, debugging, and testing.

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Problem Statement

A clear description of what tasks a program must perform, how it handles inputs, and how it addresses unusual situations.

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Error Handling

The process of anticipating and handling invalid user inputs or unexpected events to prevent program crashes.

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Algorithm

A set of steps that explains how to solve a problem, or describe a program's actions.

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Flowcharts

Visual representations of an algorithm using symbols and diagrams to show program flow.

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Decision Points (or Binary Decisions)

Points in an algorithm where a program needs to choose between two options based on a condition (true or false).

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Top-down Design

A method of problem-solving where large tasks are broken down into smaller, more manageable subtasks.

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What is debugging?

The process of finding and fixing errors in a program to make sure it works correctly.

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What is a syntax error?

A mistake in the code that violates the rules of the programming language.

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What is a logical error?

A mistake in the code that causes the program to run incorrectly, even though it seems to work without errors.

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What is internal testing?

Testing a program within the software development company to find and fix bugs before releasing it.

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What's external testing?

Testing a program with people who will actually use it to see if it meets their needs.

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What is the purpose of software documentation?

To provide clear instructions and explanations about how to use and understand a program.

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Why are there many programming languages?

Different languages are designed to balance conflicting goals like speed, reliability, and ease of development.

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What is the Android SDK?

A set of tools and libraries needed to develop apps for Android devices.

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Study Notes

Software Programming

  • Software tasks are candidates for automation.
  • Automation involves repetitive tasks and electronic information processing.
  • Tasks require creative thought, human touch, and intuitive thinking.
  • Programming offers plentiful jobs, strong salaries, and telecommuting options.
  • Programming is necessary when no existing software for a task is available.
  • Information systems consist of data, people, procedures, hardware, and software.
  • The systems help in planning decisions and coordinating processes (e.g., purchasing, database applications).

System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

  • SDLC is a process for developing information systems.
  • It can be lengthy and potentially using JAD (Joint Application Development).
  • Six steps in SDLC model:
    • Problem/Opportunity Identification: Evaluate proposals, decide on projects, and analyze existing problems for developing program specifications and user requirements.
    • Analysis: Explore the problem, define user needs, and plan a solution.
    • Design: Create a plan using flowcharts and diagrams for inputs, outputs, and processing details.
    • Development: Start programming, include technical documentation, and develop the actual program.
    • Testing and Installation: Ensure the system functions properly and deploy it officially.
    • Maintenance & Evaluation: Monitor performance, ensure user needs are met, and adapt the program.

The Life Cycle of a Program

  • Program development involves several stages:
    • Describing the Problem (Problem Statement): Clearly outline the task and potential input issues.
    • Making a Plan (Algorithm Development): Design step-by-step instructions for solving the problem.
    • Coding (Language of the Computer): Translating instructions into executable code (using programming language).
    • Debugging: Identify and fix errors in the program's code.
    • Testing and Documentation: Verify functionality and produce supporting materials.
  • Algorithms, represented by flowcharts or pseudocode, help with the planning step.
  • Decision-making is vital in algorithm design (yes/no choices).
  • Different program development methodologies exist to guide the process, including top-down design and object-oriented analysis.
  • Object-oriented analysis uses classes and objects with methods (actions) for data organization
  • Programming involves translating an algorithm (step-by-step plan) to CPU instructions.

Program Development Considerations

  • Compilation converts code to machine language.
  • Interpreters translate code line by line.
  • Debugging addresses logical and syntax errors.
  • Testing and documentation comprise internal and external tests and create user manuals.
  • Programming languages are designed to balance several conflicting goals.

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Description

This quiz explores essential concepts in software programming and the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC). It covers key tasks, the necessity of programming, and the six steps involved in the SDLC model. Test your knowledge on automation, information systems, and the development process.

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