Technology in Action - Chapter 10
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of a programming language?

  • To support multiple hardware architectures without modifications
  • To provide a set of instructions the CPU can understand (correct)
  • To enhance graphical performance in applications
  • To allow users to design user interfaces directly

    • What is debugging primarily focused on?

  • Finding and fixing errors in the code (correct)
  • Converting code into machine language
  • Creating new features in the program
  • Changing the programming language used

    • Which of the following describes the role of a compiler?

  • It executes code line by line
  • It writes documentation for the code
  • It translates source code into machine language (correct)
  • It optimizes the performance of the CPU

    • What is meant by the term 'portability' in programming?

    <p>The capability to move a solution between different computers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) used for?

    <p>Assisting programmers in writing and testing code</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which programming language is currently in high demand according to job postings?

    <p>C/C++</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key feature of logical errors in a program?

    <p>They lead to incorrect program behavior without crashing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase is software often tested by users before commercial release?

    <p>Beta Testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the first generation of programming languages?

    <p>Machine language consisting of binary code</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does an interpreter differ from a compiler?

    <p>An interpreter executes code line by line while translating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of flowcharting in programming?

    <p>To outline the steps in a program in a visual format</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In top-down design, what is the first step taken?

    <p>Define a broad overview of the system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following defines object-oriented programming?

    <p>An approach emphasizing the use of objects to represent data and behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of coding and compilation in programming?

    <p>To translate high-level code into machine language for execution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do flowcharting symbols primarily represent?

    <p>The visual representation of an algorithm's patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic distinguishes the first generation of programming languages?

    <p>Directly using machine code without abstraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes top-down design?

    <p>It breaks a problem into a series of high-level tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is important to consider when writing a good problem statement?

    <p>It should clearly describe tasks and goals to aid programmer understanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of object-oriented programming, what is a derived class?

    <p>A new class that extends the functionality of a base class</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do project specifications contribute to the system development life cycle?

    <p>They define user requirements and outline a plan of action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of translating an algorithm into a programming language called?

    <p>Coding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does inheritance in object-oriented design allow a new class to do?

    <p>Automatically acquire properties and methods from an existing class</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes error handling in programming?

    <p>The method for managing and responding to invalid inputs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a well-designed information system?

    <p>Its integration of data, people, procedures, hardware, and software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT a feature of algorithms?

    <p>They are always specific to a programming language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of automating tasks through programming?

    <p>Improvement of repetitive task efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a flowchart, what does a decision point typically represent?

    <p>A branching point where a yes or no question is asked</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a loop in an algorithm encounters a 'yes' answer?

    <p>Actions are performed and the question is asked again.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a benefit of object-oriented programming?

    <p>Improved performance through code optimization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which best explains an object's role in programming?

    <p>An object is a specific instance of a class.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Technology in Action - Chapter 10

    • Chapter 10 is titled "Behind the Scenes: Software Programming"
    • The book is the 16th edition, global edition.

    Understanding Programming

    • Some tasks are complex, requiring creative thought and human touch.
    • Some tasks are repetitive and suitable for automation.
    • Tasks that involve electronic information and follow clear steps are viable candidates for automation.

    Life Cycle of an Information System - The Importance of Programming

    • A career in programming offers plentiful jobs, strong salaries, and often easy telecommuting.
    • Programming is necessary when no existing software is available for a specific task.
    • Macros can execute complicated sequences with a single command.

    Life Cycle of an Information System - System Development Life Cycle

    • Information system: A collection of components working together to achieve a common goal.
    • An information system includes data, people, procedures, hardware, and software.
    • Systems help in planning, decision making, coordinating online purchases, and running offices.
    • Systems power database-driven applications like Amazon and Netflix.

    Life Cycle of an Information System - System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

    • Steps in the SDLC: Problem and opportunity identification, analysis (developing program specification), design, development, testing and installation, and maintenance and evaluation.
    • Corporations utilize development committees to evaluate proposals.
    • Analysts explore the problem, define requirements, and create a program specification.
    • Flowcharts and data flow diagrams assist in planning and programming.
    • Testing and installation ensure program functionality.

    Life Cycle of a Program - The Program Development Life Cycle

    • Programming translates tasks into commands for a computer to execute.
    • Program Development Life Cycle (PDLC): The process of moving a project through development stages to deployment.
    • Stages of the PDLC include: describing the problem, making the plan (algorithm development), coding, debugging, and testing and documentation.

    Life Cycle of a Program - The Problem Statement

    • Problem statement: A clear description of tasks, understanding goals, interacting with users, raw input, results, and method (inputs converted into outputs).
    • The problem statement establishes the starting point for programming.
    • A good problem statement helps programmers understand tasks and interact with users related to input data, desired results, and the process needed.

    Life Cycle of a Program - Error Handling and Testing Plan

    • Error handling describes program behavior when errors occur (e.g., invalid input).
    • A testing plan lists expected input values and the corresponding output values to determine if the program functions correctly.

    Life Cycle of a Program - Algorithm Development

    • Algorithm: A series of steps describing a program's task.
    • Algorithms can be represented through flowcharts (visual representation of patterns).
    • Pseudocode is a text-based approach to documenting algorithms.

    Life Cycle of a Program - Flow Control

    • Flow control includes decision points (binary decisions--yes/no) and loops. These guide the program's execution based on input conditions.

    Life Cycle of a Program - Top-Down Design

    • Top-down design: Breaking down a problem into smaller, manageable high-level tasks.
    • The approach is applied to identify tasks, refine them into subtasks, and further refine subtasks into sequences of instructions (algorithm).

    Life Cycle of a Program - Object-Oriented Analysis

    • Object-oriented analysis: Identifying categories of inputs (classes).
    • Inheritance and reusability are key concepts, enabling programmers to adapt and customize existing code and methods in new classes (derived).

    Life Cycle of a Program - Coding

    • Coding: Translating an algorithm into instructions that a computer's CPU can execute.
      • Identifying key information.
      • Identifying the step-by-step flow.
      • Converting the algorithm into a specific programming language.
      • Code is translated into machine language (1s and 0s).
    • IDE (integrated development environment)—tools that support programmers in writing and testing code.

    Life Cycle of a Program - Programming Languages

    • A programming language acts as "code" for CPU instructions.
    • Languages use special words and rules to control the CPU without detailed hardware knowledge.
    • There are five generations of programming languages.
    • Portability—ability to move a solution between different types of computers.
    • Variables hold input and output; variable declarations allocate RAM space.
    • Comments are used to explain code segments.

    Debugging

    • Debugging: Identifying and correcting errors in a program.
    • A testing plan helps determine if a program has solved the designated problem ("solved the problem").
    • Logical errors: The program runs but produces incorrect output.
    • Runtime errors: Errors that occur during execution, such as division by zero.

    Life Cycle of a Program - Testing and Documentation

    • Internal and external testing methods.
    • Solving problems that arise after beta testing.
    • Project completion.
    • Release to manufacturers.
    • Documentation and general availability to the public.

    Many Programming Languages – Need for Diverse Languages

    • Programming languages such as C/C++ and Java are popular options.
    • Industries utilize specific languages frequently, and the need for diverse coding skills is evident.
    • Introductory courses should cover techniques like design, algorithm development, debugging, and project management.

    Many Programming Languages – Selecting the right language

    • Factors to consider include space, speed, available resources, and the type of application.
    • Visual programming languages, like Scratch and App Inventor, use graphical blocks for constructing programs.

    Exploring Programming Languages – Tour of Modern Languages

    • Languages like Java and C# are used to collect data from networked computers. They are architecture-neutral.
    • Objective C and Swift are object-oriented programming languages for macOS and iOS applications.

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    Related Documents

    Technology in Action PDF Textbook

    Description

    Explore the core concepts of software programming in Chapter 10 of Technology in Action, 16th global edition. This chapter delves into the significance of programming in automation, complex tasks, and the life cycle of information systems. Understand how programming plays a crucial role in modern technology and offers various career opportunities.

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