Technology and Information Chapter 1
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Questions and Answers

What significant technological shift occurred in the 2010s regarding mobile data speeds?

  • Upgrade from 2G to 3G
  • Upgrade from 4G to 5G
  • Upgrade from 3G to 4G (correct)
  • Upgrade from 3G to 5G

What is Geotagging?

  • A process of appending geographic coordinates to locations. (correct)
  • A technique for compressing large files.
  • A technology for creating social media accounts.
  • A method for improving video quality.

Which of the following describes a major characteristic of the Fourth Industrial Revolution?

  • Decentralized decision-making capabilities. (correct)
  • Increased manual labor utilization.
  • Reduction in the use of machines.
  • Decline in information accessibility.

What ethical issue emphasizes the need for caution in using information technologies?

<p>Privacy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key component of Information Transparency in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution?

<p>Enhanced accessibility of information. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe false information created with the intent to cause harm?

<p>Disinformation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a predicted evolution in computing technologies into the 2020s?

<p>From cloud computing to edge computing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which social networking platform was considered the most popular during the 2000s?

<p>Friendster (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major invention in 1947 significantly contributed to the information age?

<p>Transistor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which device invented by Johannes Gutenberg in 1440 transformed communication?

<p>Printing Press (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Enigma machine used by the Germans during World War II?

<p>To encode messages (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is recognized for proposing that all information can be encoded in a series of 1s and 0s?

<p>Claude E. Shannon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant development did the United States Department of Defense contribute to in the 1970s?

<p>Email (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hardware component did Steve Wozniak use to build the first Apple computer in 1976?

<p>Intel 8080 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year did the World Wide Web emerge primarily for commercial purposes?

<p>1990s (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which early form of writing dates back to 3000 B.C. and is associated with Sumerians?

<p>Cuneiform (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of fact-checking?

<p>Verifying factual information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT identified as a direct driver of biodiversity loss?

<p>Urbanization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome when a virus reaches an intermediary host that causes dilution?

<p>The virus quickly dies out. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Filipinos believe that fake news is a serious problem?

<p>70% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a state where environmental, animal, and human health are interdependent?

<p>One health. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Lancet's 2009 definition, health can be described as the:

<p>Ability to adapt to changes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of biodiversity is most commonly measured in terms of species richness?

<p>Species diversity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best represents the concept of post-truth?

<p>Only widely shared information on social media is believed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What historical figure is recognized as the father of epidemiology?

<p>John Snow. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which benefit of biodiversity is concerned with cultural and economic aspects?

<p>Cultural and economic value (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major public health event did John Snow investigate in 1854?

<p>The Broad Street cholera outbreak. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a zoonosis?

<p>An infectious disease from animals to humans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Utilitarianism asserts that actions should be judged based on their ability to:

<p>Maximize pleasure and minimize pain. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenge is associated with the influence of emotions on public opinion?

<p>It tends to overshadow objective facts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was identified as a key component to achieving 'Health For All' in the 1978 Declaration of Alma Ata?

<p>Primary healthcare. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which period did significant advancements in understanding diseases take place, particularly the systematic approach to identifying causes?

<p>18th to 19th centuries. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three core functions of the essential public health services?

<p>Assessment, Policy Development, Assurance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When was COVID-19 declared a public health emergency of international concern?

<p>January 30, 2020 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test is primarily used to determine the immune response after exposure to SARS-CoV-2?

<p>Antibody test (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which historical figure observed that deforestation led to soil erosion, stating 'all the richer and softer parts have fallen away'?

<p>Plato (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept refers to humans' awareness of how their actions affect the environment?

<p>Environmental awareness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which movement was founded in 1898 to address air pollution caused by industrial production?

<p>Coal Abatement Society (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to the psychological and sociological actions aimed at protecting the environment?

<p>Pro-environmental behavior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which ancient civilization did the recognition of pollution impact occur around 3000 BC?

<p>Indus civilization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Public Health Act of 1875?

<p>To regulate the production of factory smoke (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which act was a response to the Great Smog of 1952 in London?

<p>Clean Air Act of 1956 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who wrote 'Nature' in 1835, promoting a transcendental view of the natural world?

<p>Waldo Emerson (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant environmental movement did Rachel Louise Carson's 'Silent Spring' contribute to?

<p>The ban of DDT in the United States (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary aim of the Commons Preservation Society formed in 1865?

<p>Champion rural preservation against industrial encroachment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following acts was passed first in the Philippines to establish an Environmental Impact Statement System?

<p>Presidential Decree 1586 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What movement involved hugging trees as a form of environmental advocacy?

<p>Chipko Movement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ideology did Thomas Robert Malthus present in 'An Essay on the Principle of Population'?

<p>Population will inevitably outpace food production leading to catastrophe (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Information Age

A period marked by a rapid shift from traditional industries to an economy driven by information access and control.

John Waters' Quote

Waters described the Information Age as a time when information "got ahead of humankind."

Transistor Invention

The transistor, invented in 1947 by John Bardeen and Walter Brattain, paved the way for modern electronics.

Printing Press Impact

Johannes Gutenberg's invention in 1440 revolutionized mass communication by enabling the production of printed materials.

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Enigma Code

A complex encryption system used by the Germans during World War II to communicate secretly.

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Alan Turing's Role

An English mathematician who played a pivotal role in cracking the Enigma code using the Bombe machine during World War II.

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Claude Shannon's Contribution

A researcher who proposed that all information can be encoded using a sequence of 1s and 0s, laying the groundwork for digital communication.

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Steve Wozniak and Apple 1

Wozniak built a simple computer around the 8080 microprocessor in 1976, and his friend Steve Jobs marketed it as Apple 1, sparking the personal computer revolution.

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Plethora of Functions

Refers to the numerous and diverse ways social media platforms serve their users, ranging from communication and entertainment to information sharing and commerce.

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Decade of Disruption

The 2010s saw rapid technological advancements that significantly impacted communication, connectivity, and information consumption.

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Geotagging

The process of adding location data to digital content, such as photos or videos, using GPS coordinates.

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Cloud Computing

A model where data is stored and accessed remotely on servers instead of locally on individual devices.

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Edge Computing

A type of computing where processing and data storage occur closer to the user, reducing latency and improving performance.

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Interconnection

The seamless connection and communication between machines, devices, and people using technologies like IoT and IoP.

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Information Transparency

Increased accessibility and openness of information, empowering individuals to make informed decisions and participate in knowledge sharing.

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Technical Assistance

The development of advanced technologies that augment human capabilities, aiding in decision-making and problem-solving.

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Fake News

False or misleading information presented as news, often with the intention to deceive or manipulate.

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Post-truth

A situation where objective facts are less influential than emotions and personal beliefs in shaping public opinion.

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Fact-checking

The process of verifying the accuracy and truthfulness of information.

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Biodiversity

The variety of life on Earth, encompassing all living things from genes to ecosystems.

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Genetic Diversity

The range of genes within a population of organisms. It's the least observable level of biodiversity.

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Zoonosis

An infectious disease that spreads from animals to humans.

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Biodiversity Mainstreaming

Integrating conservation of biodiversity into national policies and development plans.

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5 Direct Drivers of Biodiversity Loss

These are the primary threats to biodiversity: 1) Land use changes, 2) Excessive exploitation of resources, 3) Climate change, 4) Pollution, and 5) Invasive species.

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Dilution

When a virus enters a host that doesn't provide the ideal conditions for it to thrive, causing the virus to rapidly weaken and die out.

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Buffer

A host organism that has genetic diversity which allows it to adapt to a virus and prevents it from spreading further.

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One Health

The concept that environmental health, animal health, and human health are intrinsically linked and interdependent.

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Health

A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not just the absence of disease or infirmity.

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Physical Health

The state of having bodily functions, processes, and systems all working at their optimal level.

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Mental Health

A person's emotional, social, and psychological well-being.

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Public Health

The science and practice of protecting and promoting the health of entire populations.

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Primary Healthcare

Essential healthcare services that are accessible to everyone, forming the foundation of a strong healthcare system.

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The Great Smog of 1956

A severe air pollution event in London that resulted in over 6,000 deaths, prompting the Clean Air Act of 1956.

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Rachel Carson's 'Silent Spring'

A groundbreaking book published in 1962 that exposed the dangers of indiscriminate pesticide use, especially DDT, and its impact on ecosystems.

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Environmental Impact Statement

A document that assesses the potential environmental consequences of a proposed project or development.

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Thomas Malthus and the Malthusian Catastrophe

An 18th-century economist who argued that population growth would inevitably outpace food production, leading to resource scarcity and famine.

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What is the modern environmental movement?

A global movement that emerged in the 1960s, focused on protecting the environment from pollution, over-exploitation, and climate change.

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What was the first nature protection law?

The Sea Birds Preservation Act of 1869 marked the beginning of legislation aimed at protecting wildlife.

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What is Ecoactivism?

A form of social activism focused on environmental protection through campaigns and advocacy.

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What was the Chipko Movement?

A non-violent environmental movement in India, inspired by Mahatma Gandhi, where villagers hugged trees to prevent them from being cut down.

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What are the three core functions of public health?

The three core functions are Assessment, Policy Development, and Assurance. These are the framework for public health activities and ensure the health and well-being of populations.

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What is the Assessment function in public health?

Assessment involves gathering, analyzing, and interpreting information about the health of a population. This includes identifying health problems, trends, and risk factors.

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What is the Policy Development function in public health?

Policy Development uses the information from Assessment to create policies and strategies to address identified health problems. This involves working with various stakeholders and communities.

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What is the Assurance function in public health?

Assurance ensures that essential public health services are provided to all members of the population. It involves working with healthcare providers, agencies, and communities to deliver those services.

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What are some examples of essential public health services?

Essential public health services include things like monitoring health status, preventing disease, promoting healthy behaviors, and providing access to quality healthcare.

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What is Environmentalism?

Environmentalism is a broad movement that advocates for the protection and conservation of the environment. It involves understanding the relationship between humans and nature.

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What is pro-environmental behavior?

Pro-environmental behavior refers to actions taken by individuals to protect the environment, reducing their negative impact.

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What is Green Consumerism?

Green consumerism is a type of consumerism that promotes buying products and services that are environmentally friendly.

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Study Notes

The Advent of the Information Age

  • Information age (digital age) marked a shift from traditional industries to an information-driven economy, needing to access and control information.
  • John Waters defined it as a time when information surpassed human understanding.
  • The transistor, invented in 1947, and the optical amplifier (1957) were crucial advancements.

Ancient Writings and Books

  • Sumerian cuneiform (3000 BCE), hieroglyphics (2900 BCE), and Chinese small seal script (200 BCE) were early writing systems.
  • Papyrus rolls (500 BCE) and parchment codex (100 AD) were methods for preserving books.
  • Wood-block printing and paper were invented in China (105 AD).

Printing Press

  • Johannes Gutenberg (1440) invented the printing press.
  • It used movable type, enabling mass communication and the spread of information.
  • This marked a significant development in communication.

Electronic Brains (1970s)

  • The desire for personal computers emerged in the 1970s.
  • Steve Wozniak designed the Apple 1 computer.
  • Steve Jobs saw the commercial potential and helped further computer development.
  • Bill Gates and Microsoft saw the opportunity in providing software for computers.

Internet and World Wide Web

  • The internet's origins lie in the US Department of Defense's need for inter-scientist communication.
  • The development of the World Wide Web primarily served commercial purposes.
  • E-mail facilitated convenient communication.
  • Social media platforms emerged, changing how people interact and share information.

Evolution of the Information Age (2010s)

  • Increased internet speeds from 1.5 to 15 megabits per second.
  • Significant improvements in mobile data usage and video streaming.
  • 2011-2019, mobile device usage greatly increased.

2020s Information Age Shifts

  • Technological advancements moved from 4G to 5G cellular networks.
  • Cloud computing is evolving to edge computing, enhancing computing accessibility.
  • Automation in various sectors, including robotics, autonomous vehicles, and smart factories.

Information Age and the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR)

  • Klaus Schwab, a German engineer and economist, is a key figure.
  • 4IR or Industry 4.0 are terms for the integration of technology into manufacturing processes.

Other Topics

  • Ethics of information age: Privacy, Accuracy, Property, and Access are discussed.
  • Biodiversity: A key concept is the interconnectedness of life.
  • Public Health & Safety: Health is defined beyond the lack of illness.
  • Environmental Impacts: Discussion of problems with pollution, deforestation, and other factors.

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The Advent of the Information Age PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the major technological shifts and innovations in mobile data and information dissemination. This quiz explores key concepts such as geotagging, information transparency, and the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Dive into the evolution of computing from historical inventions to contemporary issues in information technology.

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