Techniques of Investigating Human Interaction
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Questions and Answers

What characterizes quantitative observation methods?

  • Relying on numerical data and measurements (correct)
  • Studying phenomena in their natural settings
  • Using unstructured data collection techniques
  • Interpreting the meanings people bring to their experiences

Which type of research method combines quantitative and qualitative elements?

  • Standardized questionnaires
  • Qualitative observation
  • Mixed methods research (correct)
  • Focused interviews

What is one key focus of qualitative research methods?

  • Understanding the meanings people assign to their experiences (correct)
  • Collecting data through numerical measurements
  • Studying behaviors in controlled environments
  • Analyzing statistical data

Which of the following tools is typically used for quantitative research?

<p>Standardized questionnaires (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be included in the methodology paragraph of a research study?

<p>Sampling techniques and data analysis methods (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of observation focuses on physical traces in an environment?

<p>Observation of physical traces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes focused interviews?

<p>Interviews designed to extract specific information (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary purpose of sampling techniques in research?

<p>To select a subset representative of a larger population (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most characteristic trait that stratified sampling focuses on?

<p>Specific characteristic traits of interest (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of sampling involves selecting individuals from your immediate surroundings?

<p>Convenience sampling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method allows researchers to gather detailed information about specific subjects?

<p>Focused interviews (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of standardized questionnaires in research?

<p>To ensure uniformity in data collection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of observations could be made in environmental behavior studies?

<p>Physical traces of past actions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of research method focuses on analyzing gathered data through visual means?

<p>Field study behavioral maps (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What component is primarily required for the methodology and methods aspect of a research paper?

<p>Field study maps (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key focus when observing physical traces during research?

<p>Analyzing environmental conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of conducting focus group discussions?

<p>To identify and explore how people think and behave (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of interviews requires participants to engage together in discussing issues?

<p>Focused interviews (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the preparation phase of focused interviews, what should be clearly defined?

<p>Whether questions are to be answered individually or in a group (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of questions should be used in focused interviews?

<p>Open-ended questions categorized by topic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential step to take after conducting a focused interview?

<p>Document observations and impressions during the interview (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many individuals are typically involved in a focused group discussion?

<p>5 individuals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT typically collected during the preparation phase of an interview?

<p>Hobbies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical aspect to estimate before conducting an interview?

<p>The overall time for the interview (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of research methodology focuses on answering 'why' or 'how' questions?

<p>Exploratory Research (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method involves the collection of data that you gather yourself?

<p>Primary Research (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of research provides information that is useful in conclusions or decision-making?

<p>Conclusive Research (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of environmental behavior observation?

<p>To understand interactions within built environments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of applied research?

<p>It seeks to find practical solutions for existing problems. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which research technique involves gathering data from previously published sources?

<p>Secondary Research (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which recording device is NOT mentioned as a method for observing environmental behavior?

<p>Digital Surveys (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common goal of qualitative data in research methodology?

<p>To explore and understand underlying motivations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect is important to document according to the environmental behavior observation methodology?

<p>Who the actors are (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an aspect to consider when observing behavioral interactions?

<p>The historical significance of the environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT part of exploratory research?

<p>Testing hypotheses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Sampling Technique' refer to in environmental behavior studies?

<p>A systematic approach to gathering data (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes observational methods from other research methodologies?

<p>They involve collecting data without interference. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of standardized questionnaires in environmental behavior observation?

<p>They provide a structured way to collect data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of insight can focused interviews provide in the context of environmental behavior studies?

<p>In-depth understanding of individuals' perspectives (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is 'context' significant in environmental behavior observation?

<p>It influences the nature of interactions occurring (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the method of 'observing physical traces' focus on when investigating human interaction with the built environment?

<p>Physical evidence left behind by users (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a by-product of use when observing environmental behaviour?

<p>Durable erosions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which quality is NOT typically associated with the method of observing physical traces?

<p>Requires extensive participant input (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of messages can be analyzed through the method of observing physical traces?

<p>Un-official public messages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of observing physical traces, what does 'personalization' refer to?

<p>Displays of self through physical items (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tools is NOT mentioned as part of observing physical traces?

<p>Participant observation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic does a sampling technique need to possess in the context of environmental behavior observation?

<p>It requires systematic selection of subjects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect do 'separations' relate to when investigating human interaction with the built environment?

<p>The relationship between occupants and space (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Research Methodology

A systematic process of planning, collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data to answer research questions. It's the overall strategy used to conduct research.

Primary Research

Collecting data directly from the source, such as through surveys, interviews, or observations.

Secondary Research

Utilizing existing data already collected by others, like published papers or government statistics.

Applied Research

Research focused on finding practical solutions to real-world problems in areas like workplace, education, or society.

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Observing Physical Traces

A technique that analyzes physical evidence left behind by people in a space, like wear patterns on floors or the arrangement of furniture.

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Observing Environmental Behaviour

A method that involves observing how people interact with their physical surroundings, such as how they navigate a space or how they use certain features.

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Focused Interviews

Structured conversations with individuals designed to gather specific information related to their experiences and opinions.

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Standardized Questionnaires

A set of pre-determined questions used to gather data from a large group of people in a structured and consistent way.

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Quantitative Research

A type of research that uses numerical data to analyze and understand patterns and relationships in a sample population.

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Qualitative Research

This research focuses on understanding meanings, interpretations, and perspectives of individuals within their natural settings.

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Mixed Methods Research

A research method that combines both quantitative and qualitative approaches to provide a more comprehensive understanding of a topic.

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Sampling Technique

The process of selecting a representative subset of individuals or objects from a larger population to study, ensuring generalizability of findings.

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Methodology

The systematic approach or plan used for investigating human interaction with the built environment by examining physical traces.

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Image-able Traces

Physical traces that can be easily captured or documented visually, such as photos, drawings, or videos.

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Erosions

Physical traces that indicate wear and tear on objects, often caused by repeated use.

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Leftovers

Physical traces that are left behind unintentionally, such as trash, debris, or abandoned items.

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Missing Traces

Physical traces that are absent where they would normally be expected, suggesting deliberate removal or alteration.

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Props

Objects that are deliberately placed or used to modify an environment, reflecting personal preferences or activities.

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Connections

Physical traces that indicate how people interact with different parts of the built environment, such as pathways, bridges, or doorways.

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Environmental Behaviour Observation

A research method that observes and describes how people interact with their surroundings.

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What to Observe?

Key aspects like who, what, with whom, when, where, and how people interact with a space.

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Recording Devices

Tools used to capture data during observation, like checklists, maps, photographs, videos, and notes.

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What are Focus Groups?

A small group of carefully selected individuals who discuss a specific topic, providing insights into their thoughts and behaviors.

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Focused Group Interview Steps

  1. Identify the group's characteristics and demographics, 2. Prepare open-ended questions categorized by topic, 3. Clarify if answers should be individual or shared, 4. Record the interview, 5. Take notes and observations.
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Focused Group Interview Question Types

Questions should focus on 'What,' 'Why,' and 'How' to gain a deeper understanding of the participants' perspectives.

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What is a Standardized Questionnaire?

A set of pre-determined questions, asked in the same way to a large group, allowing for systematic data collection and analysis.

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Why Use Standardized Questionnaires?

To gather structured data from a large number of people efficiently, allowing for comparative analysis and trend identification.

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Focus Group vs. Questionnaire

A focus group allows for more in-depth discussion and individual perspectives, while questionnaires provide structured data from a larger sample.

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Techniques for Investigating Human Interaction

Methods like observing physical traces, environmental behavior, focused interviews, and standardized questionnaires help understand how people engage with the built environment.

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Importance of Studying Human Interaction

Understanding how people interact with built environments provides insights for creating more effective and user-friendly spaces.

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What is sampling?

A process used in research to select a smaller group of individuals (a sample) that is representative of a larger population, allowing researchers to study a manageable group and draw conclusions about the whole population.

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Convenience sampling

A sampling technique where the researcher selects participants based on their easy accessibility and availability, making it convenient but potentially introducing bias.

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Stratified sampling

A sampling technique that ensures representation of different subgroups within a population, by dividing the population into smaller strata (subgroups) based on shared traits and then randomly selecting participants from each stratum.

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What is required for next class?

This refers to the tasks or materials that students need to prepare for the following lecture or session, often including reading assignments or specific research tasks.

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Your research paper ?

This refers to the research paper that students are expected to write as part of the course, requiring them to apply the learned research methodology to a specific topic.

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Methodology and methods

These are the overarching strategy and specific techniques used to conduct research, outlining how data will be collected and analyzed to answer the research questions.

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Field study behavioral maps (individual)

These are visual representations of the observed behaviors and patterns of individuals in a specific location or context, often created during fieldwork using observation techniques.

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Updating previous comments: What did we learn?

This refers to the process of revising and building upon previous discussions or observations, incorporating new insights and learnings from the ongoing research.

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Study Notes

Lecture 4: Techniques of Investigating Human Interaction With The Built Environment

  • Techniques for investigating human interaction with the built environment are discussed.
  • The lecture covers various investigation techniques, including observation, interviews, and questionnaires.

Investigation Techniques

  • Observation: Observing physical traces and environmental behavior are covered.
  • Interviews: Focused, semi-structured, and standardized interviews are discussed.
  • Questionnaires: Using questionnaires for data collection is presented.

Investigation Process

  • Methodology (Steps): General categories, types (quantitative, qualitative).
  • Nature of the Study: Detailed nature is discussed.
  • Purpose of the Study: Identifying the purpose or aim is explained.
  • Research Design: Different research design types are mentioned.
  • Data Type: Types of data gathered (quantitative, qualitative).

What is Research Methodology?

  • Definition: Methodology is the way something is done, offering details on types of research methodology.
  • Descriptive Research: Focuses on accurately describing a population, situation, or phenomenon.
  • Analytical Research: Involves critical evaluation of facts, figures, and information.
  • Primary Research: Gathering data yourself (surveys, observations, interviews).
  • Secondary Research: Utilizing existing data (published papers, meta-analysis).
  • Applied research: Aims to solve practical problems using empirical methodologies.
  • Fundamental research: Focuses on basic knowledge without resulting in use or application.
  • Quantitative Research: Uses numerical data from surveys and questionnaires.
  • Qualitative Research: Analyzes non-numerical data to gain insights into attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions.

How to Write Research Methodology?

  • Include research type.
  • Demonstrate data collection methods.
  • Detail any tools or materials used in the research.
  • Explain the rationale behind chosen methods.

What is 'Observing Physical Traces' Method?

  • Systematically analyzing physical surroundings to identify previous activities.
  • Examining physical evidence to assess environment functionality.
  • Identifying evidence of use or non-use of items within the environment.
  • Analyzing physical traces to uncover insights into human behavior.

What is 'Environmental Behavior' Observation?

  • A descriptive method to understand interactions with the environment.
  • Examining actors, activities, and interactions within the environment.
  • Analyzing the context, time, and relationships within the environment.
  • Using various recording devices (notations, pre-recorded checklists, maps, photographs).

What is 'Behavioral Maps' Observation?

  • Tracking daily patterns within a given location/environment.
  • Identifying types of activities and their duration.
  • Gathering observations on the movement/activity of people within a subject location.
  • Using maps to visualize the patterns.

What is 'Interviews' Method?

  • A data collection method involving discussions.
  • Structured interviews follow a predefined format.
  • Semi-structured interviews allow for a range of questions.
  • Unstructured, or focus group interviews involve open ended questioning.

What are the Steps for 'Focused Interviews'?

  • Defining the target group.
  • Planning and preparing interview questions.
  • Gathering data within the group discussions or interviews.
  • Utilizing recordings and detailed observation of the participant's responses.

What is 'Standardized Questionnaires' Method?

  • Using questionnaires for consistent data gathering.
  • Creating specific questions to obtain insights into a topic.
  • Standardizing questions ensures comparability across subjects.
  • Utilizing various question types (open-ended, yes/no).

What is 'Sampling Technique' Method?

  • Different sampling methods for selecting study participants.
  • Voluntary Response Sampling: Gathering responses through emails/online surveys.
  • Stratified Sampling: Choosing participants based on specific traits (age, race, etc).
  • Convenience Sampling: Includes people immediately available.

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Lecture 4: Methods and Techniques of Investigating Human Interaction With The Built Environment PDF

Description

Explore key techniques for investigating how people interact with the built environment. This quiz covers methodologies such as observation, interviews, and questionnaires, as well as data collection processes and research designs involved in these investigations.

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