Teaching Strategies and Daily Review Benefits
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Questions and Answers

What is one key benefit of daily review in educational instruction?

  • It increases classroom distractions
  • It ensures students learn new material
  • It strengthens connections among previously learned material (correct)
  • It reduces the need for additional practice

How long did teachers in the successful experiment spend on daily review?

  • Eight minutes (correct)
  • Five minutes
  • Fifteen minutes
  • Ten minutes

What part of the lesson is recommended to be utilized for daily review?

  • During group work
  • Before teaching new material (correct)
  • Only during exams
  • At the end of the lesson

Which of the following activities is NOT suggested to be part of the daily review?

<p>Practicing new concepts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did effective teachers ensure regarding student knowledge acquisition?

<p>Students efficiently acquired and connected knowledge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of reviewing prior learning before introducing new material?

<p>To ensure fluent recall of concepts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it crucial to practice material for thousands of hours?

<p>To develop expertise in a subject (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these tasks might be included in a daily review session?

<p>Correcting and discussing homework errors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered an effective way to begin a lesson?

<p>Providing a thorough review of previous learning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which instructional principle emphasizes checking for student understanding?

<p>Asking many questions and verifying responses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is important to do after presenting new material?

<p>Guide student practice with the new material (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do scaffolds play in effective teaching?

<p>They provide structured support to help students learn (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of teaching effectiveness, what does modeling involve?

<p>Demonstrating tasks and strategies for students to observe (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should new material be presented for optimal learning?

<p>In small steps with practice after each step (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the implied result of observing effective teachers according to the study?

<p>They consistently demonstrated high student achievement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does guiding student practice primarily aim to achieve?

<p>To reinforce understanding of taught material (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the development of misconceptions in students?

<p>Too much material presented at once (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which practice is emphasized as being utilized by successful teachers?

<p>Providing more time for checking for understanding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant factor in students' ability to construct mental summaries?

<p>Their background knowledge and understanding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did researchers find about teachers' effectiveness based on student responses?

<p>Quality of oral responses is linked to teacher effectiveness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended strategy to help reduce errors made by students?

<p>Implementing guided practice after teaching small amounts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one principle from research in cognitive science regarding background knowledge?

<p>It should be regularly rehearsed and connected to other knowledge. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the instructional suggestions from the three research sources relate to each other?

<p>They complement and supplement each other. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do students construct errors in their understanding?

<p>They attempt to logically understand weak concepts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do research studies on master teachers emphasize for effective teaching?

<p>Providing a significant amount of instructional support. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an indicator of an effective teacher during student practice?

<p>Going desk to desk to monitor student progress (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of working memory as noted in the research?

<p>It can only process a few items at a time. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for students during classroom instruction?

<p>To achieve a high success rate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is background knowledge important in learning according to cognitive science?

<p>It helps in forming connections between different concepts. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one function of cognitive supports in education?

<p>To enhance the ability of students to acquire information. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is NOT emphasized in research on the classroom practices of master teachers?

<p>Minimizing student-teacher interaction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the overall goal of applying the principles derived from the three research sources?

<p>To improve instructional methods and student comprehension. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary sources of research on how the mind acquires information?

<p>Research on cognitive strategies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which suggested reading focuses specifically on the use of scaffolds for teaching cognitive strategies?

<p>The Use of Scaffolds for Teaching Higher-Level Cognitive Strategies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of instruction is supported by Barak Rosenshine according to the suggested readings?

<p>Direct instruction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What common theme can be found in the principles derived from the three different sources?

<p>They complement each other and offer cohesive instructional strategies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which reading discusses the effectiveness of mathematics teaching specifically?

<p>The Missouri Mathematics Effectiveness Project (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which instructional methods are likely not included in the principles described?

<p>Procedures that are untested in classroom settings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the research suggest about the relationship between different instructional procedures?

<p>Procedures from different sources can be combined effectively (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not mentioned as a source for instructional principles?

<p>Classroom management techniques (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method can a teacher use to enhance the rehearsal process for students?

<p>Instructing students to summarize key points (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for all students to process new material?

<p>To avoid storing misconceptions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a negative outcome of students only skimming the material?

<p>They may miss essential details (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do successful teachers of mathematics spend more time on?

<p>Presenting new material and guiding practice (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does asking questions benefit the rehearsal process?

<p>It requires students to engage with the material (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one consequence of checking for understanding through questioning?

<p>Teachers may identify material that needs to be retaught (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of questions are less effective in checking for understanding?

<p>Closed-ended questions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do students often experience if they do not rehearse effectively?

<p>Weak storage of information in long-term memory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Research-Based Principles

Effective teaching strategies backed by scientific evidence from various fields like cognitive science and master teacher practices.

Cognitive Science

Studies how our brains process information, acquire knowledge, and overcome working memory limitations.

Master Teacher Practices

Research analyzing effective classroom practices employed by exceptionally skilled teachers.

Cognitive Supports

Strategies designed to aid students in acquiring and using knowledge, especially by overcoming working memory constraints.

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Background Knowledge

Previously learned information or experiences that students bring to new learning situations.

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Rehearsal

Repeating and practicing information to strengthen memory and improve retrieval.

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Connecting Background Knowledge

Linking newly learned information to existing knowledge for deeper understanding and retention.

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Instructional Support

Teachers provide guidance, resources, and structured activities to facilitate student learning.

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Effective Teachers

Teachers who consistently see high student achievement gains on standardized tests.

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Instructional Strategies of Effective Teachers

Effective teachers use strategies like breaking down complex tasks, providing models, guiding student practice, and checking for understanding.

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Checking for Understanding

Teachers regularly check how well students are grasping the material by asking questions and observing their responses.

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Provide Models

Teachers demonstrate the desired skill or concept, showing students how to do it correctly.

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Guide Student Practice

Teachers provide structure and support as students work on new material, giving feedback and guidance.

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Small Steps with Practice

New information is broken down into manageable chunks and students practice after each step, ensuring mastery before moving on.

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Experiential Activities

Hands-on activities that engage students with the content, but used after mastering the basics.

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Review Previous Learning

Each lesson starts with a brief recap of what was learned previously, strengthening retention.

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Daily Review

A short review of previous learning at the beginning of each lesson to strengthen prior knowledge and aid in fluent recall.

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Fluent Recall

The ability to access and use information quickly and effortlessly, without conscious effort.

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Strengthen Connections

Daily review helps build strong relationships between different concepts, making learning more efficient and meaningful.

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Review's Role in Expertise

Daily review is a crucial component of achieving expertise, providing consistent practice and reinforcing learned skills.

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Effective Review Strategies

Effective review includes checking homework, addressing errors, and focusing on concepts and skills that need to become automatic.

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Automatic Recall

The ability to access and use information without conscious thought, like knowing basic addition facts or spelling common words.

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Review for Skill Development

Review should focus on building automaticity with skills needed for future learning, such as math facts, grammar rules, or vocabulary.

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Importance of Hands-On Activities

Hands-on activities should be used after basic material is mastered, not before. This helps students apply and solidify their knowledge.

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How does rehearsal help with memory?

Rehearsal helps us remember where information is stored in our memory so we can easily access it when needed.

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Effective Teacher Strategies for Rehearsal

Asking thoughtful questions, summarizing key points, and guiding practice sessions help students effectively rehearse and store information in long-term memory.

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Why is summarizing important for rehearsal?

Summarizing forces students to actively process and synthesize the main points of the material, improving their retention.

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The Impact of Limited Rehearsal

If students only skim the material and don't actively engage with it, the information will be weakly stored in their long-term memory.

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Checking for Understanding: why is it important?

Asking questions, summarizing, and repeating directions ensures all students are actively participating and helps identify areas needing re-teaching.

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Effective Checking for Understanding

Successful teachers check for understanding by asking questions, summarizing, and providing feedback to ensure all students are actively processing the material.

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Ineffective Checking for Understanding

Less effective teachers simply ask if students have any questions, assuming understanding if none are asked.

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Research-Based Instruction

Teaching practices supported by scientific evidence from cognitive science, master teacher practices, and research on learning difficult tasks.

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Three Sources of Effective Instruction

Effective teaching draws from research on how the mind learns, successful teacher practices, and research-designed strategies to teach challenging tasks.

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Consistency Across Sources

Teaching methods from different sources don't clash; they complement each other to create a cohesive learning environment.

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Instructional Procedures

Specific techniques and steps used by teachers to guide learning and ensure students understand and develop skills.

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Missouri Mathematics Effectiveness Project

A research project investigating effective teaching practices in mathematics classrooms, contributing to evidence-based instruction.

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Cognitive Strategy Instruction

Teaching students specific strategies for learning and remembering information, enhancing their cognitive skills.

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Scaffolds for Teaching Higher-Level Cognitive Strategies

Providing support and guidance to help students learn and practice complex cognitive skills like problem-solving.

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Direct Instruction

A structured teaching approach where teachers clearly present concepts and skills, provide guided practice, and monitor student understanding.

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Misconceptions

Incorrect understandings or beliefs about a topic, often formed when students try to make sense of new information with limited background knowledge.

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Guided Practice

Activities where students practice new skills with teacher support and feedback, helping them solidify understanding and avoid misconceptions.

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High Success Rate

Students experience a high rate of success during learning activities, boosting confidence and motivation to continue learning.

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Develop Misconceptions

Students are more likely to develop misconceptions if they are presented with too much information at once and their understanding isn't checked.

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Limit Misconceptions

Teachers can help limit misconceptions by presenting material in small chunks, checking for understanding, and providing guided practice.

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Teacher Effectiveness

Teachers who utilize effective strategies, such as guided practice and checking for understanding, lead to higher student success.

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Why is it important for teachers to check for student understanding?

It helps identify areas needing clarification, prevents misconceptions, and allows teachers to adjust instruction based on student needs.

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Study Notes

Principles of Instruction

  • Research-based principles of instruction are derived from three sources: cognitive science, observations of master teachers, and research on cognitive supports.
  • These sources complement each other in providing instructional strategies for effective teaching.
  • Effective teachers ensure efficient acquisition, rehearsal, and connection of background knowledge in students.
  • This is achieved through providing substantial instructional support, teaching in manageable steps, modeling, guiding practice, and correcting errors in students.
  • Supportive teacher behaviors include modeling, guiding student practice, checking for understanding, and providing high success rates.
  • These strategies cater to the limited capacity of working memory.

Begin a Lesson with a Review of Previous Learning

  • Daily review strengthens existing knowledge and connects new material with prior learning.
  • Review aids in effortless and automatic recall of concepts, facts, and procedures.
  • Review enhances learning by making words, concepts, and procedures readily available when needed for problem-solving or new material understanding.
  • Daily review is a key component of expert development.
  • Daily review, especially in math classes, results in enhanced achievement scores.

Present New Material in Small Steps

  • Present material in small, manageable amounts to prevent cognitive overload.
  • This approach aligns with the limited capacity of working memory.
  • Effectively presenting small amounts of new material at one time promotes student learning.
  • After introducing each small step, practice sessions, guided by the teacher, should be given to ensure each step is mastered before moving to the next.
  • The success rate with which students practice should be high.

Ask a Large Number of Questions

  • Frequent teacher-led questioning enhances student practice and connects new information to existing knowledge.
  • Asking questions allows teachers to assess student comprehension and modify teaching adjustments accordingly.
  • Questioning allows both the teacher and student access to the reasoning process used to arrive at a specific answer.
  • Questioning teachers can increase the number of factual and process questions asked during guided practice.
  • Questioning ensures student acquisition, rehearsal, and connections to prior knowledge.

Provide Models

  • Models and worked examples offer cognitive support in problem-solving.
  • Models illustrate clear steps for problem-solving, helping students efficiently process information.
  • Worked examples explicitly show the steps to solve a problem; this reduces cognitive load and allows focus on specific procedural steps.
  • Student practice with models enhances understanding and skill development.
  • Thinking aloud while modeling the procedure enhances the effectiveness of models.

Guide Student Practice

  • Effective teachers spend sufficient time guiding student practice.
  • Guiding practice involves actively modeling steps and discussing procedures alongside students.
  • Students need sufficient practice for information to be fully established in long-term memory.
  • The teacher should monitor students during practice and address misunderstandings.
  • Sufficient practice on the material presented is essential to learning and retention.

Check for Student Understanding

  • Regular checks help teachers identify and address student misunderstandings proactively.
  • Effective teachers frequently use questioning techniques to gauge student comprehension.
  • Effective teachers frequently check for understanding during and following guided practice.
  • Understanding errors during guided practice allows for necessary remedial actions to be put in place.

Obtain a High Success Rate

  • A higher success rate during guided practice translates into higher success rates during independent practice.
  • Providing guided practice helps students avoid errors during independent practice.
  • Guided practice increases the likelihood of higher success rates for future learning activities.
  • Guided practice positively influences student engagement during independent work sessions.
  • 80% is seen as the optimal success rate to foster appropriate learning and development.

Provide Scaffolds for Difficult Tasks

  • Scaffolds are temporary supports assisting students with complex tasks.
  • Modeling and thinking aloud provide students with an effective method to better understand procedures and processes.
  • Scaffolds help build student understanding and confidence.
  • Effective teachers anticipate potential student errors and intervene accordingly.

Require and Monitor Independent Practice

  • Students require extensive independent practice for skills and knowledge to become automatic.
  • Guided practice followed by independent practice promotes skill fluency.
  • Independent practice facilitates comprehension and application of learned concepts.

Engage Students in Weekly and Monthly Review

  • Regular review strengthens connections between concepts, deepening understanding and fluency.
  • Review re-establishes and strengthens prior knowledge before new material is introduced.
  • Review assists in effective information retrieval and facilitates use in application activities.
  • Weekly and monthly review ensures stronger, more persistent learning outcomes.

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Related Documents

Principles of Instruction PDF

Description

This quiz explores the significance of daily reviews in educational instruction, discussing effective teaching strategies and practices. It examines the role of daily review in enhancing student learning and retention of material. Test your knowledge about instructional principles and the structure of effective lessons.

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