Questions and Answers
The concept of culture as an iceberg is a model of ______ didactics
intercultural
According to Roland Posner, the three dimensions of culture are mental, social, and ______ culture
material
Culture was previously viewed as a ______ trait, unchangeable
unchangeable
Culture can be observed, and people are still ______, with individual and collective identities
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In the past, culture was often understood as ______, with a focus on high art, music, and literature
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Regional Studies, also known as Landeskunde, emerged in the late ______ Century
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Regional Studies was characterized by a ______ approach, focusing on knowledge and facts
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In ICC, culture is viewed as ______, dynamic, fluid, and hybrid
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The shift from Landeskunde to _______________ Learning took place in the 1980s.
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Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC) involves the ability to communicate and interact with people who speak a different _______________ and come from a different cultural background.
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The aim of intercultural learning is to produce the _______________ speaker instead of the near-native speaker.
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The prefix 'inter' in Intercultural Communicative Competence means _______________ (separate) cultures.
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Intercultural Communicative Competence involves the ability to interpret and understand other cultures in a process that is called _______________.
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Understanding another culture involves understanding another _______________ system (not just another language).
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Byram’s influential model of ICC includes the _______________ dimension.
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Intercultural learning involves engaging with ‘other cultures’ in respectful and _______________ ways.
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Overt meanings such as ______ or modes of greeting
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Factual knowledge of ______ and figures
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Relativity of cultural knowledge: the same cultural event may be known differently in C1 and in ______
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Interpreting and ______ applied to documents
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The skill of ______ is the ability to recognise significant phenomena in a foreign environment
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Attitudes of ______ and openness, of readiness to suspend disbelief and judgement
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A willingness to suspend belief in one’s own meanings and behaviours, and to analyse them from the viewpoint of the ______ with whom one is engaging
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Complex interplay: the ability to ______, i.e. to analyse one’s own meanings and behaviours from the viewpoint of others
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To challenge and relativise the norms one has been socialised into, and to open up to new cultural norms one encounters requires ______ cultural awareness
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Critical cultural awareness is the ______ dimension
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Critical cultural awareness requires the ability to stand back from our own cultural ______ and become aware of our own cultural values, beliefs and perceptions
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Critical cultural awareness aims to overcome ______ (the belief that one's own cultural position is always superior)
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An intercultural speaker has acquired ______ cultural awareness, which allows him or her to manage intercultural encounters or solve intercultural conflicts
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The aim of intercultural communication is to become an ______ speaker
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Cultural readings of literature, film, images and non-fictional texts are used as a carrier of cultural ______ or information.
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A critical incident is a presentation of a typical situation where representatives of different cultures interact with each other and ______ occur.
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The frame of reference/cultures and self are ______ due to migration, cultural exchange, global exchange of information and goods, and international cooperation.
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Transculturality describes cultural ______, the dynamics of cultural change, internal differentiation and interconnectedness of cultures.
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Cultures are ______ and multicultural.
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The multiplicity and diversity of lifestyles in a society lead to multiple ______ of individuals.
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Cultures share certain characteristics such as ______, fashion, etc.
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The aim of ICC is to dismantle ______ about different cultures.
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Study Notes
Concepts of Culture
- Culture can be understood as an iceberg, with three dimensions: mental culture (codes), social culture (code users), and material culture (texts)
- There are different perspectives on what culture is: as a trait, a nation, high culture, or something that can be studied
- Currently, culture is seen as a dynamic, open, and hybrid concept that cannot be bound to national borders
From Landeskunde to ICC
- Landeskunde, or Regional Studies, focused on teaching "useful facts" about English-speaking countries, with a nationalistic and knowledge-oriented approach
- The 1960s and 1970s saw a shift towards intercultural learning, including communicative competence and intercultural communicative competence
- Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICCC) involves sharing information, negotiating meaning, and being aware of one's own cultural imprint and that of others
Intercultural Communicative Competence
- ICCC involves being able to interpret and understand other cultures, engage with them respectfully, and negotiate meaning across cultures
- Byram's five-dimensional model of ICC includes knowledge, skills, attitudes, and critical cultural awareness
- The knowledge dimension includes knowledge about social groups, processes of interaction, and cultural events
- The skill dimension includes interpreting and relating, discovering and interacting
- The attitudinal dimension involves being curious, open, and willing to relativize one's own meanings and behaviors
- Critical cultural awareness is the ability to evaluate cultural products and practices critically and coordinate different perspectives
Intercultural Learning
- Intercultural learning involves understanding another culture's belief system, not just language
- It requires a willingness to decentre, challenge one's own cultural norms, and open up to new cultural norms
- The aim is to become an intercultural speaker with critical cultural awareness
Methods of Teaching and Developing ICC
- Methods include cultural readings of literature, film, and non-fictional texts, as well as critical incidents, role plays, simulation games, and face-to-face or virtual encounters
Criticism of ICC
- Criticisms include that ICC can lead to stereotypes, focuses too much on 'self' and 'other', and ignores the intersectionality of markers of identity
- Additionally, ICC does not account for the diversity, hybridity, and complexity of cultures due to migration, cultural exchange, and globalization
Transculturality and Hybridity
- Transculturality describes the complexity, dynamics, and interconnectedness of cultures
- Cultures are heterogeneous and multicultural, with multiple identifications and intersecting cultural groups leading to transcultural identities
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Description
Explore the concepts of culture in teaching, including the iceberg model and the three dimensions of culture. Learn about different perspectives on what culture is and how it is perceived.
