Intercultural Communication Week 2
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What does Long Term Orientation (LTO) primarily emphasize?

  • Respecting traditions and social obligations
  • Preservation of 'face' in social contexts
  • Encouraging immediate gratification
  • Fostering virtues related to future rewards (correct)

    • Which characteristic is associated with Short Term Orientation (STO)?

  • National pride and respect for traditions (correct)
  • Adaptation to changes
  • Thrift and saving practices
  • Focus on future planning

    • According to Geert Hofstede, what should people avoid when measuring cultures?

  • Using global standards
  • Judging based on one's own culture (correct)
  • Considering historical contexts
  • Acknowledging diversity

    • What societal values does Long Term Orientation predict?

    <p>Future rewards and educational success</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Short Term Orientation?

    <p>Perseverance in overcoming obstacles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a high Power Distance Index (PDI) imply about decision-making in organizations?

    <p>Leadership is often viewed as a superior role.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cultures with low Power Distance, how do subordinates typically expect to interact with their leaders?

    <p>They expect to be consulted in decisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic commonly associated with high PDI cultures concerning societal structure?

    <p>Significant income inequality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tends to occur in cultures with larger power distances?

    <p>Conflicts resolved through peaceful negotiations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically expected from leaders in cultures characterized by low PDI?

    <p>To seek consensus among team members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is often viewed as 'normal' in high Power Distance Index cultures?

    <p>Inequality in social status and decision-making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does corporate culture manifest in environments with significant power distance according to Hofstede's dimension?

    <p>Leaders maintain strict control over all operations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of cultures that are high in individualism?

    <p>Emphasis on personal goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding confrontational styles in individualistic cultures?

    <p>Confrontation is viewed as helpful.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What correlates with higher individualism according to the content?

    <p>More wealth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cultures that score high on collectivism, what is emphasized more than autonomy?

    <p>Loyalty and group harmony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do cultures low in context tend to communicate compared to cultures high in context?

    <p>They favor direct and explicit communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is typically associated with collectivist cultures?

    <p>Integration of family and work roles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When reflecting on personal culture in relation to individualism or collectivism, what aspect is suggested to be emphasized?

    <p>Personal values and customs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the pace of life in cultures that score high on individualism?

    <p>Slower pace allowing for rest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about cultures scoring high in individualism?

    <p>They value group achievements equally with personal goals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of high uncertainty avoidance cultures?

    <p>Strict guidelines and policies for employees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is associated with low uncertainty avoidance?

    <p>Encouragement of questioning authority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cultures with high uncertainty avoidance, how are deviations from established rules typically viewed?

    <p>As negative and discouraged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What motivation underlies the advertising approach in high uncertainty avoidance cultures?

    <p>Cleanliness and expertise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following behaviors might you expect from individuals in a low uncertainty avoidance culture?

    <p>Taking risks and exploring innovative ideas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common outcome of high uncertainty avoidance in an educational system?

    <p>Deviation from rules is viewed negatively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT typically true of communities with low uncertainty avoidance?

    <p>There is a high level of regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does high uncertainty avoidance affect job change preferences?

    <p>Preference for stability in employment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What relationship can be observed in high uncertainty avoidance cultures?

    <p>Faster driving and higher speed limits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about low uncertainty avoidance cultures is true?

    <p>They allow for adaptability in their traditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In masculine societies, which of the following characteristics is more prominently emphasized compared to feminine societies?

    <p>Competition and achievement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the assumption that the weak should be helped in feminine societies?

    <p>Support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, which view on gender roles in the family is characteristic of masculine societies?

    <p>Dad as the sole provider</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Law of Jante' refer to in masculine cultures?

    <p>Encouragement of jealousy among peers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a commonly observed trait in feminine societies regarding feelings and behavior?

    <p>Both genders are likely to cry and not fight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In workplace culture, which aspect distinguishes masculine societies from feminine ones?

    <p>Emphasis on salary versus leisure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically associated with strong masculine cultures in terms of gender perspectives on sex?

    <p>Man as the subject and woman as the object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic best describes the attitude towards poverty in masculine societies?

    <p>Poverty blamed on individual laziness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When reflecting on one's culture, what element is most likely emphasized in feminine societies?

    <p>Nurturing and empathy in relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correlations is more likely to occur in masculine societies?

    <p>More focus on salary and success</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Intercultural Communication - Fall 2024

    • The course is offered at Thomas More University, School of Applied Sciences

    Week 2 Agenda

    • Recap
    • Finalize Teams (8:30-10:30 and 13:45-15:45)
    • Hofstede's 6 Dimensions
    • Teams to be finalized, 4 members per group

    Geert Hofstede

    • Born in Maastricht (Netherlands) in 1928
    • Dutch academic, worked in industry
    • Conducted a survey of 116,000 IBM employees across 50 countries
    • Developed the concept of cultural dimensions
    • Quantified cultural differences among nations
    • Influenced international business, intercultural management, and cross-cultural management
    • Created the Hofstede Cultural Dimensions Model
      • 1960s: developed 4 dimensions (PDI, IDV, MAS, UAI)
      • 1980s: developed LTO
      • 2010: developed IVR with his son

    Hofstede's 6 Dimensions

    • High power distance vs Low power distance: The extent to which less powerful members of a society accept unequal power distribution
    • Individualism vs Collectivism: The degree to which individuals are integrated into groups
    • Masculinity vs Femininity: The distribution of roles and values between the genders
    • High uncertainty avoidance vs Low uncertainty avoidance: The extent to which members of a society feel threatened by ambiguous or unknown situations
    • Long-term orientation vs Short-term orientation: The extent to which a society emphasizes future rewards or past and present concerns
    • Indulgence vs Restraint: The extent to which a society allows gratification of basic human desires

    PDI (Power Distance Index)

    • High PDI: Inequality is normal, superior is respected, centralization of decision-making, income inequality, and expect instructions
    • Low PDI: Inequality should change, necessary role of superior, decentralization of decisions, larger middle class, conflicts solved in peace, younger executives
    • Institutions and organizations within a given country
    • Examples: In high PDI, managers make decisions without much input, in low PDI managers consult with employees

    IDV (Individualism vs. Collectivism)

    • Individualism: Everyone looks after themselves
    • Collectivism: People are born into extended families and in-groups that continue to protect them
    • Examples: In individualistic cultures, individuals tend to value autonomy, self-expression, and personal goals, in collectivist cultures, harmony and group cohesion are prioritized

    MAS (Masculinity vs. Femininity)

    • Masculine: Challenge, recognition, advancement are important. Men assertive, ambitious and tough. Women tender and concerned with quality of life
    • Feminine: Relationships and quality of life are important. Both men and women modest, tender, concerned with quality of life
    • Examples: In feminine cultures, men and women expected to be concerned with quality of life, in a masculine culture, men/women are distinct in their roles and values

    UAI (Uncertainty Avoidance Index)

    • High UAI: Uncertainty is a threat, continuous stress, aggressiveness, strict rules for children, strong superegos
    • Low UAI: Uncertainty is normal, low stress, comfortable in ambiguity, similar modes of address for different others
    • Examples: High UAI- Countries have rigid codes of belief and behavior, people intolerant of unorthodox behavior

    LTO (Long-Term Orientation)

    • Long-term orientation: Thrift, perseverance, adapting to changing circumstances, respect and concern for circumstances
    • Short-term orientation: Respect of traditions, fulfilling social obligations, concern with personal stability
    • Examples: High LTO societies, a focus on the future, while low LTO societies prioritize the present and tradition
    • How does your culture prioritize future planning compared to immediate results?

    IND (Indulgence vs. Restraint)

    • Indulgence: Tendency to allow relatively free gratification of basic human desires related to enjoyment and having fun
    • Restraint: Conviction that such gratification needs to be curbed and regulated by strict social norms.
    • Examples: Indulgent cultures may celebrate in ways that restrained ones will not
    • How does your culture prioritize future planning compared to immediate results?

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    Description

    This quiz focuses on the key concepts of Hofstede's 6 dimensions of culture, as explored in Week 2 of the Intercultural Communication course. It provides insights into how cultural differences influence international business and interpersonal communication. Prepare to deepen your understanding of cultural dimensions and their implications.

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