Teaching Approaches and Education Acts
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following options are true about the Constructivist Approach to teaching? (Select all that apply)

  • It focuses on standardized assessments.
  • The learner is actively engaged in constructing their own knowledge. (correct)
  • Teachers provide guidance and support. (correct)
  • Learning is primarily teacher-driven.

    • Which of the following are considered criticisms of the Direct Instruction Approach? (Select all that apply)

  • It encourages critical and creative thinking.
  • It promotes student-centered learning.
  • It can be difficult to assess in a standardized way. (correct)
  • Students may be passive learners. (correct)

    • Using both the Constructivist Approach and the Direct Instruction Approach is the best way to teach.

    True

    What act replaced the No Child Left Behind Act?

    <p>Every Student Succeeds Act</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the harmful effects of media violence? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Increased aggressive thoughts and feelings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Over time, high school dropout rates have increased.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which racial group has the highest high school dropout rate?

    <p>American Indian/Alaska Native</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Men make up more of the percentage of high school dropouts.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which income level has the highest high school dropout rate?

    <p>Low Income</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the risk factors for a potential high school dropout? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Peer-related issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are solutions to reduce the dropout rate? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Encouraging positive youth engagement with school.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors shape the classroom climate? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Classroom rules and guidelines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the benefits of a well-managed classroom? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Keeps students busy with active, appropriately challenging tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The more involved parents are in their children's learning, the higher the level of achievement their child can attain.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adolescents benefit more from focusing on a single extracurricular activity than from being involved in multiple activities.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three types of learning disabilities discussed in class?

    <p>Dysgraphia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Participation in extracurricular activities is linked to which of the following? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Lower rates of depression, delinquency, and substance abuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a characteristic of emotional behavioral disabilities (EBD)?

    <p>Exceptional athletic ability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diagnoses for ADHD have decreased substantially.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an IEP?

    <p>An Individualized Education Plan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of motivation involves external incentives such as rewards and punishments?

    <p>Extrinsic Motivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of motivation is based on internal factors such as self-determination, curiosity, and purpose?

    <p>Intrinsic Motivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are usually at work for adolescents.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most optimal learning experience?

    <p>Flow State</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which learning environment is characterized by low perceived challenge and low perceived skill level?

    <p>Apathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is attribution theory?

    <p>Attribution theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is attributional style or locus of control?

    <p>Attributional Style or Locus of Control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is internal locus of control?

    <p>Internal Locus of Control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is motivation orientation?

    <p>Motivation Orientation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is mastery orientation?

    <p>Mastery Orientation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is performance orientation?

    <p>Performance Orientation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is helpless orientation?

    <p>Helpless Orientation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Mastery + Performance Goals = Success!' mean?

    <p>Mastery + Performance Goals = Success!</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a mindset?

    <p>Mindset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a fixed mindset?

    <p>Intelligence is biologically set and unchanging.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a growth mindset?

    <p>Intelligence is changeable if you learn more.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Studies have shown that students from low income families are less likely to have a growth mindset.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Low income students cannot prevent negative stereotypes from undermining their achievement.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will students understand with a growth mindset?

    <p>the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do parents do that hinders their child rather than helps them? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Protect their child from challenging situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the forethought stage of self-monitoring?

    <p>Forethought stage of self-monitoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the performance stage of self-monitoring?

    <p>Performance stage of self-monitoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the self-reflection stage of self-monitoring?

    <p>Self-reflection stage of self-monitoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the belonging mindset?

    <p>Belonging Mindset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do peers influence individuals via social goals, comparison, and peer status?

    <p>Peers influence via social goals, comparison, and peer status.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Peer acceptance is linked to which of the following? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Better academic achievement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does ethnicity influence academic motivation?

    <p>Influence of Ethnicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) on academics?

    <p>Socioeconomic impact on academics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are obstacles to achievement? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Perfectionism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the largest increases in screen time for adolescents?

    <p>TV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the short and long-term negative effects of media violence? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Decrease in prosocial behavior and empathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A longitudinal study found that the amount of violence viewed at age 8 had an effect on the seriousness of criminal acts as an adult.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did a longitudinal study find about exposure to TV violence in childhood?

    <p>Aggressive behavior of young people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    TV violence can cause individuals to be more aggressive.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the school achievement of children/adolescents who watch excessive amounts of TV?

    <p>Lower achievement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is viewing educational TV associated with? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Reading more books</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the positive outcomes of social media use? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Less aggression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is stress?

    <p>Stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Experiencing major life events can lead to a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease and early death.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Daily impact of dealing with smaller stressors does not mean it will have strong effects.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do college students worry about most? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Meeting high achievement standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can sociocultural factors influence? Select all that apply

    <p>Which stressors are likely to be encountered.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is acculturative stress?

    <p>Acculturative Stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A lack of control over things in one's life is linked to what?

    <p>Higher stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group is poverty a significant social problem for?

    <p>Young adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the coping strategy used by females during stressful times?

    <p>Tend and befriend</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is coping with stress?

    <p>Coping with stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is coping capacity?

    <p>Coping capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are problem-focused coping strategies?

    <p>Problem-focused coping strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are emotion-focused coping strategies?

    <p>Emotion-focused coping strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the avoidant coping strategy?

    <p>Avoidant coping strategy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is coping flexibility?

    <p>Coping flexibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are coping strategies dependent on?

    <p>Coping strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the biopsychosocial approach to problems?

    <p>Biopsychosocial approach to problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the developmental psychopathology approach?

    <p>Developmental psychopathology approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are developmental pathways?

    <p>Developmental pathways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are risk factors?

    <p>Risk factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are protective factors?

    <p>Protective factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Overcontrolled and internalizing behaviors are more likely for middle SES adolescents and girls.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under-controlled, externalized behaviors are most characteristic of higher SES adolescents and boys.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are factors that can predict adolescent problems? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Poverty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the developmental assets that serve as protective factors? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Internal Assets: Commitment, positive values, social competencies, and sense of identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adolescents with more developmental assets tend to engage in fewer risky behaviors.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Constructivist Approach to Teaching

    • Learner-centered and student-directed
    • Students actively construct their own knowledge
    • Teacher provides guidance

    Direct Instruction Approach

    • Teacher-centered and highly structured
    • Limited distractions, focusing on academic behaviors
    • Focus on content, easily standardized and assessed

    Criticisms of Constructivist Approach

    • Takes more time
    • Limited focus on content in standardized assessments
    • Difficult to assess in a uniform way

    Criticisms of Direct Instruction Approach

    • Turns students into passive learners
    • May not challenge students to think critically and creatively
    • Focus is on being in class

    Using Both Approaches

    • Using both approaches is the best route

    No Child Left Behind Act

    • Set high standards measured by standardized tests (3rd-12th grade)
    • School districts received harsh penalties for underperformance
    • Replaced by Every Student Succeeds Act

    Every Student Succeeds Act

    • Requires states to set standards, assess in reading, math, and science.
    • Provides states with more flexibility in implementation
    • School districts produce a report card showing academic progress

    High School Dropout Rates

    • Dropout rates have decreased over time
    • American Indian/Alaska Natives have a high dropout rate (9.6%)
    • Pacific Islanders have a high dropout rate (8%)
    • Hispanics have a high dropout rate (7.7%)
    • African Americans have a high dropout rate (5.6%)
    • Two or more races have a high dropout rate (5.1%)
    • Whites have a high dropout rate (4.1%)
    • Asians have a low dropout rate (1.8%)

    Levels of Income and Dropout Rates

    • Low-income individuals experience high dropout rates
    • Income levels are correlated to dropout rates.

    Risk Factors for High School Dropouts

    • School-related problems
    • Economic and family issues
    • Peer-related problems
    • Personal reasons

    Solutions to Reduce Dropout Rates

    • Early detection of school-related difficulties
    • Encourage positive youth engagement in school

    Classroom Climate Factors

    • Classroom rules and guidelines
    • Consistency of rule enforcement
    • Physical structure of the classroom
    • Classroom management style
    • Provide low-income students with mentoring, tutoring, and academic skills training.
    • Help students with career development
    • Provide coaching and financial aid for college admissions applications.

    Dropout Prevention via Foundation Initiatives

    • Community sponsors 'adopt' an entire grade of elementary students from low-income neighborhoods.
    • Support for students in academic, social, cultural and recreational opportunities; even provide tuition assistance for college.

    Authoritative Classroom Management Style

    • Encourages students to be independent thinkers and active participants

    Authoritarian Classroom Management Style

    • Restrictive and punitive
    • Focuses on keeping order rather than on meaningful learning

    Permissive Classroom Management Style

    • Teacher offers students considerable autonomy
    • Does not academically challenge students

    Well-Managed Classroom Benefits

    • Fosters meaningful learning
    • Prevents academic and behavioral problems
    • Keeps students busy with appropriate, engaging activities

    Parental Involvement and Child Achievement

    • High parental involvement in a child's learning correlates with a higher level of achievement

    Adolescent Extracurricular Activities

    • Participating in extracurricular activities is linked to higher grades, school engagement, lowered likelihood of dropping out, improved probability of attending college, and higher self-esteem.
    • Lower rates of depression, delinquency and substance abuse.

    Bullying

    • Nationally, nearly one in three students in grades 6-10 have experienced bullying.
    • Females report more cyberbullying incidents than males.
    • Risk factors include being average or above average, trying to gain higher status.
    • Risk factors for being a victim include being younger, middle school students, anxious, socially withdrawn or aggressive children

    Bullying Negative Outcomes

    • Worse mental and physical health
    • Higher rates of depression, suicide ideation, suicide attempts
    • Higher rates of agoraphobia, eating disorders, difficulties forming lasting relationships

    Bullying Prevention

    • Identify bullies early
    • Implement social skills training
    • Create a school environment with clear bullying rules and prosocial messaging
    • Encourage parental involvement

    Early School Achievement, Low Achievement

    • Students from low-income families achieve less
    • Schools in low-income areas have lower graduation rates and fewer qualified teachers
    • Fewer adequate support for English Language Learners

    Students Mental Health and well being

    • Anxiety and avoiding failure are increases
    • Short-term and long-term harmful effects of media violence on adolescents
    • Exposure to media violence can affect adolescents' aggression, anger, and physiological arousal
    • Exposure to media violence can desensitize adolescents to violence
    • Decrease prosocial behavior and empathy.

    Students' Exposure to Media Violence and Behavior.

    • Exposure to violence viewed at age 8 was linked to increased seriousness of criminal acts as adults

    Classroom Learning Environment and Impact

    • Anxiety negatively impacts a learning environment
    • Boredom levels, and impact high skill and low skills level
    • Attribution theory to understand the outcomes of behaviors and performance, and reasoning of those outcomes.
    • Internal and External Locus of Control on outcomes
    • Mastery orientation, and focus on learning, achievement, and self-efficacy

    Performance Orientation

    • Focuses on the end result
    • May not focus on skill development

    Helpless Orientation

    • Focuses on the difficulties of a task
    • Attributes difficulty to lack of ability

    Mindset

    • The view regarding one's abilities
    • Fixed mindset: Intelligence is biological and unchangeable
    • Growth mindset: Intelligence is changeable with learning

    Low-income Students Achieve Less

    • Studies show students from low-income families are less likely to have a growth mindset
    • Students likely have less support and resources

    Preventing Negative Stereotypes

    • Low-income students can prevent negative stereotypes from undermining achievement

    Obstacles for Students Achievement

    • Procrastination
    • Perfectionism

    Biopsychosocial Approach to Problems

    • Focuses on biological, psychological, and social factors that contribute to problems.

    Developmental Psychopathology

    • Examines links between early experiences and problems later in life.

    Developmental Pathways

    • Focus on the development of problems over time, considering risk and protective factors.

    Risk Factors

    • Factors that increase the likelihood of developing problems.

    Protective Factors

    • Factors that shield individuals from developing problems.

    Behavioral Habits

    • Over controlled kids have internalizing tendencies (likely to be girls who are from middle class backgrounds).
    • Under controlled kids have externalized tendencies (likely to be boys who are from lower class backgrounds)

    Adolescent Drug Use (Developmental Assets)

    • Protective factors
    • Developmental assets that serve as protective factors

    Risk Factors for Drug Use (Alcohol)

    • Heredity
    • Family influences
    • Peer relations

    Marijuana use

    • Marijuana use (Daily) in teenagers and young adults who don't attend college is 3 times higher than college students

    Nicotine

    • Increases Central Nervous System activity
    • Smoking and Vaping are serious yet preventable health problems
    • Peer influence impacts smoking and vaping

    Depression

    • Depressive symptoms may undiagnosed in adolescents, especially girls
    • Significant risk factors for suicide
    • Adolescent with more developmental assets demonstrate less risk taking behaviors

    Peer Relationships

    • Negative peer experiences contribute to depressive behaviors and tendencies
    • Less contact negatively impacts peer relationships

    Negative Identity Formation

    • Inadequate access to positive social roles leads to negative behaviors
    • Stressors affect choices

    Statistics of Suicide in Adolescence

    • Suicide is the 3rd leading cause of death in 10-19 year old adolescents
    • Higher rates of suicide in emerging adult males (6x greater)
    • Females tend and befriend during stressful time
    • Males flight or fight during stressful times

    Coping Skills

    • Problem-focused coping, Emotion-focused coping, Avoidant coping strategies, Coping flexibility

    Risk factors for Suicide

    • Major depressive episode
    • History of abuse
    • Family instability
    • Social factors
    • Unhappiness
    • Negative peer relationships
    • Emotional issues

    Eating Disorders such as Bulimia Nervosa

    • A binge and purge eating pattern

    Anorexia Nervosa

    • The relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation

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    Description

    This quiz explores various teaching methodologies such as constructivist and direct instruction approaches, along with their criticisms. Additionally, it discusses the No Child Left Behind Act and the Every Student Succeeds Act, highlighting their impact on educational standards and assessments.

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