Teaching and Learning Approaches in Language Education

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of learner orientation in FLT?

To focus on knowledge and comprehension

To adapt language teaching to learners' individual psychological dispositions and constructions of identity (correct)

To foster teacher autonomy

To promote textbook-driven learning

Which approach is characteristic of education in the 21st century?

Teacher-centred and product-oriented

Receptive and isolated learning

Learner-centred and process-oriented (correct)

Homogenising and fragmented curriculum

What type of learning is fostered through project work?

Reproductive learning

Isolated learning

Textbook-driven learning

Application-oriented learning (correct)

What is a key aspect of creating a safe space in the classroom?

Giving positive and appreciative feedback Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of education in the 21st century?

Analysis and synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of fostering learner autonomy?

To foster learner autonomy with respect to its functional and critical aspect Signup and view all the answers

What type of curriculum is characteristic of education in the 21st century?

Interdisciplinary curriculum Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of fostering autonomous learning?

Teaching learning strategies Signup and view all the answers

Which teaching approach emphasizes the use of authentic language in real-life situations?

Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of Task-Based Language Learning (TBLL)?

To solve a problem or complete a task Signup and view all the answers

Which approach prioritizes learners' interaction and negotiation of meaning?

Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis of the input hypothesis in Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)?

Authentic, meaningful, and age-appropriate input Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the Direct Method?

Using visual aids and teacher input Signup and view all the answers

Which approach involves 'scaffolding' to help learners complete tasks?

Task-Based Language Learning (TBLL) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key principle of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) in terms of teaching approach?

Orienting teaching around authentic language use and functional contexts Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary emphasis of Task-Based Language Learning (TBLL) in terms of language use?

Using language to solve a problem or complete a task Signup and view all the answers

Which learner difference can be influenced by teaching and is complex in itself?

Cognitive style Signup and view all the answers

What can be a result of the Pygmalion effect in a multicultural classroom?

Higher expectations from teachers Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an implication for teachers when considering learner differences?

Diversity can be a challenge and a resource Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential for teachers to be aware of learners' attitudes towards foreign languages?

To understand their beliefs about language acquisition Signup and view all the answers

How can teachers effectively manage diverse classrooms?

By recognizing and adapting to learners' differences Signup and view all the answers

What can be a benefit of diversity in a multicultural classroom?

A more diverse range of learning experiences Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Teaching and Learning Approaches and Methods

Teacher Orientation:
- Grammar-Translation Method: focuses on teaching language structures alone
- Direct Method: uses the target language only, with lots of visuals and input from the teacher
- Audiolingual/Audiovisual Method: focuses on oral mastery, using one specific structure at a time, and pattern-drill with no interaction
Learner Orientation:
- Communicative Language Teaching (CLT): emphasizes real-life interaction, authentic input, and output hypothesis
- Task-Based Language Learning (TBLL): focuses on language as a means of communication to solve problems or work on a product

Key Principles of CLT

Teaching should be oriented around authentic situations of language in use and functional contexts
Creating opportunities for learners to interact with others, focus on meaning, and negotiate meaning
Basic principles include input hypothesis, output hypothesis, and corrective feedback

Task-Based Language Learning (TBLL)

Action-oriented, focusing on language as a means of communication
Avoids practice of specific forms or phrases, and instead focuses on solving problems or working on a product
Involves relevant content, interaction, and cooperative learning
Holistic tasks with a focus on meaning, and form/structure is integrated through feedback and activities
Scaffolding helps learners work on tasks, and promotes learner autonomy

Creating an Effective Learning Environment

Create a safe space and build trust
Give positive and appreciative feedback
Use cooperative learning, buddy systems, and creative activities
Incorporate project work, diversity, and experience-oriented learning
Foster autonomous learning by teaching learning strategies

Paradigm Shift in Education

Before the 21st Century: teacher-centred, product-oriented, and focused on reproduction
Since the 21st Century: learner-centred, process-oriented, and focused on application
Shift from knowledge and comprehension to analysis and synthesis
From textbook-driven to project-driven, and from fragmented to interdisciplinary curricula
From teacher assessment to self- and peer-assessment, and from homogenising to diversifying

Learner Differences

Features: age, socio-cultural background, economic capital, gender, language repertoire, strategic repertoire, experiences, aptitude, affective stage, attitudes, beliefs, motivation, cognitive style, and special needs
Note: these features are complex, not fixed, and can be influenced by teaching
Effect of these features on school achievements: hierarchies, unequal chances
Implications for teachers: Pygmalion effect, being aware of different backgrounds, and diversity as a challenge and resource

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Description

Explore the different methods and approaches used in language teaching, including the Grammar-Translation Method, Direct Method, and Communicative Language Teaching. Learn about the focus and techniques of each approach.