overall studyguide test 2 multiple quiz

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What is the function of dendritic cells (DCs) in the immune system?

Activating cytotoxic T cells

Capturing and presenting antigens (correct)

Producing antibodies

Enhancing natural killer cell activity

Which cells are considered antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?

Macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells (correct)

Natural killer cells

Red blood cells

Cytotoxic T cells

Why are antigen-presenting cells (APCs) particularly efficient in antigen presentation?

Because they produce antibodies

By directly activating cytotoxic T cells

Due to their low expression of MHC molecules

Their high expression of MHC molecules and co-stimulatory molecules (correct)

Where do dendritic cells (DCs) migrate to after capturing antigens?

Secondary lymphoid organs like lymph nodes Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of CD4+ helper T cells upon activation by APCs?

Stimulating B cells, activating cytotoxic T cells, or enhancing other immune cell activities Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of antigen receptor gene rearrangement in T cells?

To generate diversity in antigen receptor genes required for recognizing foreign antigens Signup and view all the answers

Which gene segments are involved in the recombination process to generate diversity in TCR Alpha chains?

V and D Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the RAG complex during gene rearrangement in B and T cell development?

Recombine V, D, and J gene segments Signup and view all the answers

At which lymphocyte maturation checkpoint does positive selection for MHC recognition occur?

Double-Positive (DP) Stage Signup and view all the answers

What is the main outcome of the gene rearrangement process in B and T cells?

Generation of combinatorial diversity in antigen receptor genes Signup and view all the answers

During gene rearrangement in the TCR Beta Chain Locus, what is the role of combinatorial diversity?

It refers to the random combination of V, D, and J gene segments. Signup and view all the answers

Which process introduces additional diversity through the imprecise joining of gene segments within the TCR Beta Chain Locus?

Junctional diversity Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of central tolerance during lymphocyte maturation?

To test if T cells can recognize self-MHC molecules Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario would cause a lymphocyte to fail the peripheral tolerance checkpoint?

Strong recognition of self-antigens by mature lymphocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the event where lymphocytes respond to self-antigens, leading to autoimmune reactions?

Auto-reactivity Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of anchor amino acids within a peptide sequence in peptide binding to MHC molecules?

Interact with specific pockets in the MHC molecule Signup and view all the answers

Why do different individuals express unique combinations of MHC alleles?

Because of the polymorphic nature of MHC molecules Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway describes antigen processing for display by class II MHC molecules?

Involvement of the extracellular antigens internalized via endocytosis Signup and view all the answers

How are peptide fragments generated from endogenous proteins transported into the endoplasmic reticulum for class I MHC molecule binding?

Transportation by TAP proteins Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to individual differences in peptide presentation and immune responses?

Combinatorial diversity of TCR and BCR sequences Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of interaction between the TCR and MHC-peptide complex?

Interaction through the variable regions of the TCR chains and the peptide antigen Signup and view all the answers

What role do ITAMs play in T cell activation?

Initiating intracellular signaling cascades Signup and view all the answers

Which co-receptor enhances the binding of the TCR to the peptide-MHC complex?

CD4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Lck in a T cell upon TCR engagement?

Modifying ITAM-containing proteins through tyrosine kinase activity Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the TCR complex recognizes MHC class I molecules?

CD8 Signup and view all the answers

What determines the immunodominance of an epitope?

Affinity for MHC molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of a T cell receptor (TCR)?

Recognize specific peptide antigens Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of co-receptors CD4 and CD8 on T cells?

Directly interact with MHC molecules Signup and view all the answers

What ensures specificity in antigen recognition by T cells?

Clonal selection and expansion of T cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT influence the immunodominance of an epitope?

Expression level on APCs Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the pre-T cell receptor during T cell development?

Initiating proliferation and differentiation of T cells Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of T cell development is characterized by the expression of both CD4 and CD8 co-receptors?

Double-Positive (DP) Stage Signup and view all the answers

At which lymphocyte maturation checkpoint does negative selection for self-reactivity occur?

Single-Positive (SP) Stage Signup and view all the answers

In response to signaling from the pre-T cell receptor, what happens to T cells?

They undergo proliferation and differentiation. Signup and view all the answers

What is required for the activation and signaling of the pre-T cell receptor?

Expression of CD3 signaling chains (ε, δ, γ) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of T cells express the CD4 co-receptor?

Helper T cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Double-Negative (DN) Stage in T cell development?

Commitment to T cell lineage Signup and view all the answers

'Single-Positive (SP)' stage refers to the expression of which co-receptor by a T cell?

'CD4' co-receptor Signup and view all the answers

'Mature T Cell Stage' involves the exit from thymus to which type of organs?

'Secondary immune organs' Signup and view all the answers

'Combinatorial diversity' in T cell receptors arises due to variations in which chains?

'Alpha and beta' chains Signup and view all the answers

overall studyguide test 2 multiple quiz - immunology

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