8 Questions
What is the primary way TB is spread?
Through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks
What is the main purpose of the BCG vaccine?
To provide some protection against TB, typically given to children
What is the typical duration of TB treatment?
6-9 months
What is the term for TB that is resistant to at least two of the most effective antibiotics?
Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB)
What is the purpose of preventive therapy?
To treat people with latent TB, to prevent it from becoming active
What is the term for TB where the bacteria remain dormant in the body, but do not cause symptoms?
Latent TB
What is the primary method used to diagnose TB?
A combination of tests, including the Tuberculin skin test, Chest X-ray, Sputum test, and Blood tests
What is the main reason it is essential to complete the full TB treatment course?
To prevent antibiotic resistance and relapse
Study Notes
What is TB?
- TB stands for Tuberculosis, a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
- It primarily affects the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body.
Transmission
- TB is an airborne disease, spread through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks.
- Close contact with an infected person can increase the risk of transmission.
Symptoms
- Coughing for three or more weeks
- Chest pain or coughing up blood
- Fatigue
- Weight loss
- Loss of appetite
- Chills
- Fever
- Night sweats
Diagnosis
- TB is diagnosed using a combination of tests, including:
- Tuberculin skin test (Mantoux test)
- Chest X-ray
- Sputum test (examining a sample of mucus from the lungs)
- Blood tests
Treatment
- TB is treated with a combination of antibiotics, typically:
- Isoniazid (INH)
- Rifampicin (RIF)
- Ethambutol (EMB)
- Pyrazinamide (PZA)
- Treatment typically lasts for 6-9 months
- It is essential to complete the full treatment course to prevent antibiotic resistance and relapse.
Types of TB
- Latent TB: The bacteria remain dormant in the body, but do not cause symptoms.
- Active TB: The bacteria multiply and cause symptoms.
- Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB): Resistant to at least two of the most effective antibiotics.
- Extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB): Resistant to almost all antibiotics.
Prevention
- BCG vaccine: A vaccine that provides some protection against TB, typically given to children.
- Preventive therapy: Treatment for people with latent TB, to prevent it from becoming active.
- Infection control: Proper ventilation, isolation, and hygiene practices in healthcare settings to prevent transmission.
What is TB?
- Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
- TB primarily affects the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body.
Transmission
- TB is an airborne disease spread through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks.
- Close contact with an infected person increases the risk of transmission.
Symptoms
- Coughing for three or more weeks
- Chest pain or coughing up blood
- Fatigue
- Weight loss
- Loss of appetite
- Chills
- Fever
- Night sweats
Diagnosis
- TB is diagnosed using a combination of tests including:
- Tuberculin skin test (Mantoux test)
- Chest X-ray
- Sputum test (examining a sample of mucus from the lungs)
- Blood tests
Treatment
- TB is treated with a combination of antibiotics, typically:
- Isoniazid (INH)
- Rifampicin (RIF)
- Ethambutol (EMB)
- Pyrazinamide (PZA)
- Treatment typically lasts for 6-9 months
- Completing the full treatment course is essential to prevent antibiotic resistance and relapse.
Types of TB
- Latent TB: The bacteria remain dormant in the body, but do not cause symptoms.
- Active TB: The bacteria multiply and cause symptoms.
- Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB): Resistant to at least two of the most effective antibiotics.
- Extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB): Resistant to almost all antibiotics.
Prevention
- BCG vaccine: Provides some protection against TB, typically given to children.
- Preventive therapy: Treatment for people with latent TB to prevent it from becoming active.
- Infection control: Proper ventilation, isolation, and hygiene practices in healthcare settings to prevent transmission.
Learn about Tuberculosis, its transmission, symptoms, and causes. Understand how this airborne disease affects the lungs and other parts of the body.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
