TB of the Spine Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the most sensitive imaging method for diagnosing TB of the spine?

  • Ultra sound
  • X-rays
  • MRI (correct)
  • CT scans

    • Which of the following is NOT a systemic symptom of TB of the spine?

  • Fatigue
  • Weight loss
  • Night sweats
  • Numbness (correct)

    • Which laboratory test directly assesses the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

  • Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
  • Complete Blood Count (CBC)
  • C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
  • Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) (correct)

    • What spinal deformity can result from the infection in TB of the spine?

    <p>Kyphosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which procedure is used for obtaining samples from the meninges in suspected TB of the spine?

    <p>Fine-needle aspiration biopsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What neurological symptom might indicate advanced TB affecting the spine?

    <p>Loss of bladder control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) measure at the injection site?

    <p>Localized skin reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of TB of the spine that leads to severe mobility issues?

    <p>Paralysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of bacterial meningitis?

    <p>Bacterial pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of meningitis typically resolves on its own without specific treatment?

    <p>Viral meningitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of fungal meningitis?

    <p>It usually affects immunocompromised individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Parasitic meningitis is typically acquired through which of the following?

    <p>Contaminated water or food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes non-infectious meningitis?

    <p>It can result from autoimmune diseases or certain medications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate case fatality rate for bacterial meningitis?

    <p>1 in 6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a viral cause of viral meningitis?

    <p>Herpes simplex virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major public health challenge is associated with meningitis?

    <p>Epidemics in sub-Saharan Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age groups are more susceptible to meningitis?

    <p>Infants, young children, and older adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common neurological symptom associated with meningitis?

    <p>Altered mental status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor can increase the risk of meningitis related to living conditions?

    <p>Close living quarters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sign indicates potential meningitis in infants?

    <p>High-pitched cry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What underlying medical condition increases the risk of meningitis?

    <p>Sickle cell disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT typically associated with meningitis?

    <p>Coughing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication-related factor is known to potentially cause meningitis?

    <p>Certain immunosuppressive medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physical exam sign suggests meningitis in adults?

    <p>Kernig's sign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which finding in a lumbar puncture analysis is indicative of bacterial meningitis?

    <p>Cloudy appearance of CSF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal when managing a patient with meningitis?

    <p>Identify and treat the underlying cause</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to identify pathogens in cases of suspected meningitis?

    <p>PCR for viral and fungal pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging study should be performed before a lumbar puncture in certain cases?

    <p>CT or MRI of the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cases of bacterial meningitis, glucose levels in the cerebrospinal fluid are expected to be:

    <p>Decreased</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of white blood cell count would you expect to see elevated in bacterial meningitis?

    <p>Polymorphs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential chronic complication of meningitis?

    <p>Cognitive impairments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered an immediate goal of care in meningitis management?

    <p>Stabilize vital signs and ensure adequate perfusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What medication is typically used for maintenance therapy in fungal infections?

    <p>Fluconazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which surgical procedure is performed to relieve hydrocephalus?

    <p>Ventriculostomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of providing adequate hydration in non-pharmacological intervention?

    <p>Improve immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what condition would isolation precautions be particularly important?

    <p>Bacterial meningitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which supportive measure assists in minimizing photophobia during treatment?

    <p>Providing a low-stimulation environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common indication for surgical intervention in cases of infection?

    <p>Cerebral edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutritional support is emphasized during the recovery phase?

    <p>High-protein, high-calorie nutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of therapy is recommended for cognitive or developmental delays?

    <p>Occupational therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the indications for surgery related to spine tuberculosis?

    <p>Neurologic deficit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which procedure involves the surgical removal of a portion of the vertebra?

    <p>Corpectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of using braces in the conservative management of spine tuberculosis?

    <p>Stabilizes the spine and reduces pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a surgical technique for spine tuberculosis treatment?

    <p>Nutritional intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nutritional interventions is important for bone health?

    <p>Vitamin D and calcium supplements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What conservative management technique is recommended to help reduce pain in patients with TB of the spine?

    <p>Complete bed rest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of acupuncture in the management of spine tuberculosis?

    <p>Helps manage pain and improve quality of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the recommended physical therapy interventions for TB of the spine?

    <p>Strengthening exercises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What spinal deformity is described as a lateral curvature of the spine associated with TB of the spine?

    <p>Scoliosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic method is most sensitive for identifying tuberculosis in the spine?

    <p>MRI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common systemic symptom of TB of the spine that can indicate the severity of the infection?

    <p>Fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which laboratory test is used to assess inflammation in cases of TB of the spine?

    <p>Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complication can arise from TB of the spine due to infection damaging spinal bones?

    <p>Spinal Deformity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a necessary procedure for obtaining samples from suspected TB of the spine?

    <p>Fine-needle aspiration biopsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms indicates potential spinal cord involvement in TB of the spine?

    <p>Numbness or tingling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of using the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) in diagnosing TB?

    <p>To measure immune response to TB bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key goal of care for patients with TB of the spine?

    <p>Eliminate the infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom may indicate neurological deficits due to TB of the spine?

    <p>Numbness or tingling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should a nurse manage pain in a patient with TB of the spine?

    <p>Use prescribed analgesics regularly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complication can arise from untreated TB of the spine?

    <p>Abscess formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended approach for ensuring spinal stability in severe cases of TB?

    <p>Application of halo and orthotic devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is critical to include in the education of a patient receiving TB treatment?

    <p>The need to complete the full course of medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of physical therapy for patients with TB of the spine?

    <p>Restoring mobility and function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is important for preventing complications in TB of the spine?

    <p>Maintaining good nutrition and self-care practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What finding in a lumbar puncture analysis is indicative of viral meningitis?

    <p>Normal glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the indications for surgical intervention in cases of increased intracranial pressure?

    <p>Hydrocephalus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is considered the gold standard for diagnosing meningitis?

    <p>Lumbar puncture (CSF analysis)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which supportive measure is crucial for managing photophobia in patients?

    <p>Low-stimulation environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complication of meningitis is categorized as a neurological issue?

    <p>Hydrocephalus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of therapy is recommended for patients experiencing motor deficits after an infection?

    <p>Physical therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the expected CSF findings in bacterial meningitis?

    <p>Cloudy appearance, elevated protein, low glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which surgical procedure involves the drainage of infected fluid collections?

    <p>Subdural empyema drainage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT typically part of the immediate goals of care for meningitis?

    <p>Alleviate cognitive impairments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which laboratory test is used to identify systemic infections associated with meningitis?

    <p>Blood cultures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of providing high-protein and high-calorie nutrition during recovery?

    <p>To enhance recovery and healing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is typically used for maintenance therapy in fungal infections?

    <p>Voriconazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an expected finding in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with fungal meningitis?

    <p>Normal glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What immediate goal of care is essential for managing increased intracranial pressure in meningitis patients?

    <p>Perform a lumbar puncture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically indicated for surgical drainage in cases of elevated intracranial pressure?

    <p>Abscess formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an isolation precaution specifically for bacterial meningitis?

    <p>Droplet precautions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of meningitis is most commonly associated with respiratory droplets and close contact?

    <p>Bacterial Meningitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of viral meningitis compared to bacterial meningitis?

    <p>Symptoms may resolve on their own without specific treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which patient population is fungal meningitis most likely to occur?

    <p>Immunocompromised individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes non-infectious meningitis from infectious forms?

    <p>It is caused by autoimmune diseases or certain medications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pathogens is NOT a known cause of parasitic meningitis?

    <p>Streptococcus pneumoniae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of bacterial meningitis that highlights its severity?

    <p>It has a high case fatality rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is fungal meningitis typically treated?

    <p>Prolonged antifungal therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is most commonly associated with meningitis, regardless of type?

    <p>Severe headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done immediately if the motor response on the Glasgow Coma Scale falls?

    <p>Inform the on-duty doctor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of administering corticosteroids like dexamethasone in the management of meningitis?

    <p>To reduce inflammation and prevent complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recommended intervention for a bedridden patient?

    <p>Performing high-intensity exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done before performing a lumbar puncture if the patient is unconscious?

    <p>Measure random blood sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is indicated for patients experiencing seizures due to increased intracranial pressure?

    <p>Phenytoin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the management of fungal meningitis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans, which combination of drugs is considered first-line therapy?

    <p>Amphotericin B and Flucytosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for applying side rails on a patient's bed?

    <p>To minimize the risk of falling during seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following dietary interventions is critical for unconscious patients?

    <p>Nasogastric feeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST)?

    <p>To evaluate the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is a common neurological manifestation of TB of the spine?

    <p>Loss of sensation in the limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging technique is considered the most sensitive for diagnosing TB of the spine?

    <p>MRI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the goals of care for TB of the spine?

    <p>Prevent complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complication can occur due to spinal TB that affects mobility?

    <p>Spinal deformity leading to kyphosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common complication resulting from TB of the spine?

    <p>Abscess formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What laboratory test is commonly used to identify the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

    <p>Acid-Fast Bacillus (AFB) smear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nursing management strategy is recommended for severe cases of TB of the spine?

    <p>Use of braces as ordered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common systemic symptom of TB of the spine?

    <p>Fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is NOT typically used for obtaining a biopsy in suspected TB of the spine?

    <p>Endoscopic biopsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long is the typical regimen for anti-tubercular medication in TB treatment?

    <p>6-12 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom may indicate neurological deficits related to TB of the spine?

    <p>Numbness or tingling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of spinal TB?

    <p>Nerve root involvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is regular monitoring emphasized in the care of patients with TB of the spine?

    <p>To prevent complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment method should be avoided for patients with potential spinal cord injury (SCI) due to TB?

    <p>Active movement without any support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration for children under 8 years of age with TB of the spine during initial care?

    <p>Providing a Thoracic Elevations Device</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What classifies bacterial meningitis as particularly concerning?

    <p>It has a high case fatality rate and can lead to severe complications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of meningitis is most likely to spontaneously resolve without treatment?

    <p>Viral meningitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common initial step in the treatment of non-infectious meningitis?

    <p>Identification and treatment of the underlying cause</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of transmission for viral meningitis?

    <p>Fecal-oral routes and respiratory secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which population is fungal meningitis most prevalent?

    <p>Immunocompromised individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of parasitic meningitis?

    <p>Usually acquired from contaminated water or food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bacterial pathogens is a common cause of bacterial meningitis?

    <p>Neisseria meningitidis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What risk factor increases the likelihood of meningitis due to the living arrangement?

    <p>Living in close quarters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptoms are primarily neurological manifestations of meningitis?

    <p>Photophobia and altered mental status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which age group is the risk of meningitis notably higher?

    <p>Infants and older adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What underlying medical condition significantly raises the risk of contracting meningitis?

    <p>Cochlear implants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical sign is indicative of meningitis in infants?

    <p>Bulging fontanelle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication associated with meningococcal meningitis?

    <p>Petechial or purpuric rash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vaccination history is critical in reducing meningitis risk?

    <p>Meningococcal conjugate vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom related to gastrointestinal distress is associated with meningitis?

    <p>Nausea and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary bacterium responsible for spinal tuberculosis?

    <p>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors increases the risk of spinal tuberculosis?

    <p>Previous history of pulmonary TB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis that experience skeletal involvement?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes spinal tuberculosis?

    <p>It can lead to Pott's paraplegia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which location is most commonly affected by extrapulmonary tuberculosis?

    <p>Spine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication associated with spinal tuberculosis?

    <p>Pott's paraplegia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions can compromise the immune system, increasing the risk of TB progression to the spine?

    <p>Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Spinal tuberculosis is usually caused by what type of spread of infection?

    <p>Hematogenous spread</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected finding of glucose levels in the cerebrospinal fluid for a patient with viral meningitis?

    <p>Normal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which laboratory finding is indicative of bacterial meningitis?

    <p>Elevated white blood cell count with polymorphs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered an immediate goal of care for meningitis?

    <p>Restore neurological function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells would you expect to see predominantly in a lumbar puncture analysis of a patient with viral meningitis?

    <p>Lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging study should be conducted prior to lumbar puncture if there are signs of increased intracranial pressure?

    <p>CT or MRI of the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is often a significant chronic complication following meningitis?

    <p>Learning disabilities in children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which serological test is specifically used for the identification of Cryptococcus in suspected meningitis?

    <p>Cryptococcal antigen test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the management of bacterial meningitis, which substance is likely to be elevated in the blood tests?

    <p>C-reactive protein (CRP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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