TB Diagnosis: Pertinent Positives and Negatives
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Questions and Answers

What is the significance of a pertinent positive answer in a patient with a cough?

  • It confirms the diagnosis of TB
  • It rules out TB as a cause of the cough
  • It prompts the examiner to look for the presence of concomitant symptoms for TB (correct)
  • It indicates the presence of dyspnea

    • What is the significance of a pertinent negative answer in a patient with a cough?

  • It indicates the presence of dyspnea
  • It is irrelevant in the assessment of TB
  • It confirms the diagnosis of TB
  • It helps rule out TB as a cause of the cough (correct)

    • What is the proposed mechanism of dyspnea according to the Length-Tension Inappropriateness theory?

  • Increased respiratory muscle strength
  • Stimulation of juxtacapillary receptors by pulmonary blood vessel congestion
  • Termination of inspiratory effort by the Hering-Breuer reflex
  • A mismatch between the pressure generated by the respiratory muscles and the tidal volume produced (correct)

    • What triggers the Hering-Breuer reflex in dyspnea?

    <p>Pulmonary blood vessel congestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors should be considered in assessing patients with dyspnea?

    <p>Cardiac, pulmonary, neuromuscular, and emotional factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of receptors are stimulated by pulmonary blood vessel congestion in dyspnea?

    <p>Juxtacapillary receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the mismatch between the pressure generated by the respiratory muscles and the tidal volume produced in dyspnea?

    <p>Signal transmission to the brain by intercostal muscle spindles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common breathing pattern adopted by dyspneic patients?

    <p>Rapid and shallow breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of retractions may be visible on chest examination in dyspneic patients?

    <p>Supraclavicular, intercostal, and abdominal retractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is an example of increased ventilatory demand?

    <p>Severe anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of conditions in both groups severe anemia and COPD?

    <p>Restriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of dyspnea?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of recruiting accessory muscles of breathing in dyspneic patients?

    <p>Visible upper chest retractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is an example of decreased ventilatory capacity?

    <p>Pleural effusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between the conditions in groups 3 and 4?

    <p>One produces restriction, while the other does not</p> Signup and view all the answers

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