Questions and Answers
What is the prevalence of HIV in South Africa?
What is the vertical transmission rate of HIV in South Africa?
Which of the following is a primary mode of HIV transmission?
What is the recommended approach to improve health outcomes in South Africa?
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Which population is disproportionately affected by HIV in South Africa?
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What is the incidence of HIV among 15-49 year olds in South Africa?
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Which of the following is NOT a primary mode of HIV transmission?
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What percentage of women of reproductive age (15–49 years) are living with HIV in South Africa?
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Study Notes
Epidemiology of HIV in South Africa
- South Africa has the largest number of people living with HIV (PLWH) globally, with a prevalence of around 8 million.
- The incidence rate is 7 per 1,000 among 15-49 year olds.
- Approximately ¼ of women of reproductive age (15-49 years) are living with HIV.
- The vertical transmission rate in the country is 3.5%.
High-Risk Populations
- Half of new infections occur among young key populations, including:
- Men who have sex with men
- Transgender women
- People who sell sex
- People who inject drugs
- These individuals may experience barriers to effective prevention services.
HIV Transmission and Definition
- HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a retrovirus that attacks the immune system, leading to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) if left untreated.
- Primary modes of HIV transmission:
- Unprotected sexual intercourse
- Sharing of needles
- Mother-to-child during childbirth or breastfeeding (WHO, 2021)
HIV Guidelines
- SA HIV guidelines emphasize early diagnosis and immediate initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) to improve health outcomes (South African National Department of Health, 2021).
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Description
This quiz covers the clinical presentation and diagnosis of Tuberculosis and HIV in adults, including epidemiology and transmission rates in South Africa.