HIV and TB in Adults: Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis

Questions and Answers

Around 5 million

Around 15 million

Around 10 million

Around 8 million (correct)

4.5%

2.5%

1.5%

3.5% (correct)

Unprotected sexual intercourse (correct)

Shaking hands with an infected person

Touching an infected person

Sharing food with an infected person

Early diagnosis and immediate initiation of antiretroviral therapy Signup and view all the answers

Young key populations Signup and view all the answers

7/1000 Signup and view all the answers

Touching an infected person Signup and view all the answers

¼ Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

South Africa has the largest number of people living with HIV (PLWH) globally, with a prevalence of around 8 million.
The incidence rate is 7 per 1,000 among 15-49 year olds.
Approximately ¼ of women of reproductive age (15-49 years) are living with HIV.
The vertical transmission rate in the country is 3.5%.

Half of new infections occur among young key populations, including:
- Men who have sex with men
- Transgender women
- People who sell sex
- People who inject drugs
These individuals may experience barriers to effective prevention services.

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a retrovirus that attacks the immune system, leading to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) if left untreated.
Primary modes of HIV transmission:
- Unprotected sexual intercourse
- Sharing of needles
- Mother-to-child during childbirth or breastfeeding (WHO, 2021)

SA HIV guidelines emphasize early diagnosis and immediate initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) to improve health outcomes (South African National Department of Health, 2021).