Taxonomy and Classification Overview

Questions and Answers

What are the two main languages used for naming organisms?

Italian and Portuguese

English and German

Spanish and French

Latin and Greek (correct)

What is taxonomy?

The classification of living things

Where do the 'yet to be discovered' species live?

The ocean

What are two reasons why we should classify organisms?

To study the diversity of life and to organize and name organisms Signup and view all the answers

Who is known as the father of taxonomy?

Carolus Linnaeus Signup and view all the answers

What was the name of Carolus Linnaeus' classification system?

Binomial nomenclature Signup and view all the answers

What are the three rules used to classify organisms using Linnaeus' system?

<ol> <li>Always written in Latin; 2. Capitalize the first letter of the first name and use lowercase for the second; 3. Both names are italicized or underlined</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is the order of classification from least specific to most specific?

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species Signup and view all the answers

What is phylogeny?

The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms Signup and view all the answers

What do scientists use today in more modern classification to determine evolutionary relationships?

Differences and similarities in DNA Signup and view all the answers

What happened in the 1950s regarding classification?

Scientists split the 2 main kingdoms (Animals and Plants) into 5 kingdoms Signup and view all the answers

Which kingdom was eventually split into separate kingdoms?

The bacteria kingdom Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the new taxonomic category that scientists are using to classify organisms?

Domains Signup and view all the answers

What four groups are part of the domain Eukarya?

Protists, fungi, plants, and animals Signup and view all the answers

What is a protist?

A protist is any eukaryotic organism that is not an animal, plant, fungus, or bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What are the three domains of life?

Eukarya, Bacteria, Archaea Signup and view all the answers

What is a prokaryote?

A cell that does not have a nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What type of environment are archaebacteria usually found in?

They can be found in any type of extreme environment Signup and view all the answers

What is a eukaryote?

A cell that has a nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is a dichotomous key used for?

It is used to identify something in the natural world based on its characteristics Signup and view all the answers

What is a dichotomous key?

A tool that allows the user to identify something in the natural world based on its characteristics Signup and view all the answers

What does the Greek origin word 'dichotomous' mean?

Divided into 2 parts Signup and view all the answers

How are dichotomous keys laid out?

Dichotomous keys always give 2 distinct choices in each step, often they are opposites Signup and view all the answers

What does 'King Phillip Came Over For Good Spaghetti' represent?

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species Signup and view all the answers

What are the steps to using a dichotomous key?

<ol> <li>Choose an organism you want to identify; 2. Start at step 1; 3. Always read both choices; 4. Decide which choice is true; 5. Follow the directions of the true statement; 6. Continue until you get to a step that gives you the organism's name</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

In binomial nomenclature, which is capitalized and comes first, and which is lowercase and comes second?

The genus is capitalized and the species is lowercase Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Taxonomy Overview

Taxonomy involves the classification of living organisms to understand biodiversity.
It is essential for organizing and naming organisms effectively.

Dichotomous Key

A dichotomous key offers two distinct choices at each step, typically presenting opposite characteristics.
It is a valuable tool for identifying organisms based on their traits.

Classification System

Carolus Linnaeus is recognized as the father of taxonomy.
His classification system, known as binomial nomenclature, uses Latin and Greek for naming.
The system follows three rules: names are in Latin, the first name’s initial is capitalized, the second name is lowercase, and both are italicized or underlined.

Levels of Classification

Classification hierarchy ranges from least specific to most specific: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
Moving down this hierarchy results in fewer organisms within each category.

Phylogeny and Modern Classification

Phylogeny studies the evolutionary relationships between organisms.
Modern classification methods focus on DNA differences and similarities to establish these relationships.

Historical Classification Changes

In the 1950s, organisms were divided into three kingdoms: Animalia, Plantae, and later expanded into five kingdoms, adding Protista, Fungi, and Monera.
The Monera kingdom was further divided into Archaebacteria (extreme environments) and Eubacteria (common bacteria).

Domains

The new taxonomic level of domains includes Eukarya (which consists of protists, fungi, plants, and animals), Bacteria, and Archaea.

Cellular Structure

Eukaryotes have a nucleus, while prokaryotes do not.
Archaebacteria thrive in extreme environments, extending the understanding of life forms.

Using a Dichotomous Key

Steps for using a dichotomous key include choosing an organism, starting at step one, evaluating both choices, and following the true statements until identifying the organism.
The term "dichotomous" is derived from a Greek word meaning "divided into two parts."

Mnemonic Devices

"King Phillip Came Over For Good Spaghetti" helps remember the order of classification: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

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Description

This quiz explores the fundamentals of taxonomy, the classification of living organisms, and the structure of a dichotomous key. Learn about the classification hierarchy and the principles established by Carolus Linnaeus in his binomial nomenclature system. Test your knowledge on how organisms are grouped based on their traits and levels of classification.