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Dichotomous Keys in Taxonomy
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Dichotomous Keys in Taxonomy

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Questions and Answers

What does 'bi-' mean in the context of classification?

  • Single
  • Many
  • Two (correct)
  • Three
  • What is a species defined as?

  • A group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring (correct)
  • A group of organisms that look similar
  • A group of organisms from different kingdoms
  • A group of organisms that can reproduce but produce infertile offspring
  • Why is classification important?

  • To create confusion among researchers
  • To eliminate the need for DNA analysis
  • To understand the evolutionary relationship between organisms (correct)
  • To make conservation planning difficult
  • How is classification using DNA analysis carried out?

    <p>By analyzing the sequence of bases in their DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if two organisms have very different DNA base sequences?

    <p>They are distantly related</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In classification, what is the significance of physical features?

    <p>They can be virtually identical to DNA analysis results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Dichotomous key' refers to a tool used for:

    <p>Identifying organisms through a series of choices between alternative characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Fertilization' refers to:

    <p>'Fertilizing' an egg with sperm to form a zygote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of 'Kingdoms' in classifying organisms?

    <p>To categorize living beings into large groups based on fundamental characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does offspring inheritance relate to classification?

    <p>The offspring inherit copies of their parents’ DNA which aids in classification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Animals

    • Multicellular organisms that can be divided into two main groups: vertebrates and invertebrates

    Vertebrates

    • Phylum Chordata
    • Include mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish
    • Have a backbone

    Invertebrates

    • No backbone
    • Include many groups, such as arthropods, insects, crustaceans, arachnids, and myriapods

    Mammals

    • Habitat: land and water
    • Physical features: hair or fur for insulation, constant internal body temperature
    • Fertilization: internal, with eggs fertilized by sperm inside the female's body
    • Give birth to live young, which develop inside the mother's body supported by a placenta
    • Young are fed on milk by mammary glands
    • Some species display extensive parental behavior

    Birds

    • Habitat: almost every environment and across every continent
    • Physical features: feathers, wings, well-developed circulatory system, modified bones
    • Fertilization: internal, with eggs fertilized by sperm inside the female's body
    • Lay hard-shelled eggs, which develop outside the parent's body
    • Significant parental behavior to protect the eggs and young

    Reptiles

    • Habitat: marine, freshwater, and dry desserts
    • Physical features: thick, dry scaly skin, varies with environmental temperature
    • Fertilization: internal, with eggs fertilized by sperm inside the female's body
    • Lay eggs, which are protected by leathery shells
    • Young develop outside the parent's body

    Amphibians

    • Habitat: spend part of their life in water and part on land
    • Physical features: two pairs of legs, gills and tails in tadpoles
    • Body temperature: cold-blooded, relies on the environment to maintain body temperature
    • Fertilization: external, with males shedding sperm over eggs released by the female
    • Young develop from eggs

    Fish

    • Habitat: marine, freshwater, and river water bodies
    • Physical features: streamlined body, fins and tail, swim bladder, scales, operculum
    • Body temperature: cold-blooded, relies on the environment to maintain body temperature
    • Fertilization: external, with males shedding sperm over eggs released by the female
    • Young hatch from eggs and fend for themselves

    Ferns

    • Physical features: broad, divided leaves called fronds
    • Grow as clumps of fronds from the ground
    • Some species have a thick trunk
    • Method of reproduction: release spores into the air from spore cases under the leaves

    Flowering Plants

    • Physical features: central stem, side branches, leaves, roots
    • Method of reproduction: depends on flowers, male gametes in pollen grain, female gamete in ovule
    • Fertilization results in seeds, which are produced in fruits that aid in dispersal or protection

    Monocotyledons vs Dicotyledons

    • Monocotyledons: single cotyledon, long strap-leaves, parallel veins
    • Dicotyledons: two cotyledons, broad leaves, branching veins

    Fungi

    • Physical features: single-celled or multicelled, hyphae, no chlorophyll
    • Obtain nutrients through saprotrophic nutrition, secreting digestive enzymes outside the cells

    Prokaryotes

    • Physical features: single-celled, microscopic, cells smaller than plants and animals
    • No nucleus, genetic material lies free in the cytoplasm
    • Examples: bacteria like Salmonella and Mycobacterium

    Insects

    • Physical features: three body regions, six jointed legs, pair of wings, exoskeleton made of chitin
    • Head has sense organs: compound eyes, antennae, chemical detectors
    • Some insects have complex social structure with intricate behavior patterns

    Protoctists

    • Physical features: single-celled, microscopic, eukaryotes
    • Have features of animal and plant cells
    • Examples: various single-celled organisms

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    Description

    Explore the concept of dichotomous keys used in taxonomy to identify organisms based on their features. Learn how to navigate through a series of questions leading to the name of the organism by choosing between two descriptions at a time.

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